Advanced Microbiology

Question 1

CRP and procalcitonin are

Answer 1

non-specific inflammatory markers

Question 2

Legionella antigen detection tests are a form of

Answer 2

direct detection that can be used at the point of care

Question 3

HSV can be treated with

Answer 3

Aciclovir

Question 4

VZV can be treated with

Answer 4

Aciclovir

Question 5

Influenza can be treated with

Answer 5

Ostelamivir (oral)

Zanamavir (inhaled)

Question 6

Hep C is an exception because it is a

Answer 6

RNA virus

Question 7

NRTIs like AZT work by

Answer 7

inhibiting HIV replication

Question 8

What type of infection would show normal WCC, high lymphocytes and normal neutrophils?

Answer 8

viral

Question 9

HIV pyrimidine analogues include

Answer 9

Zidovudine and Lamivudine

Question 10

HIV purine analogues include

Answer 10

Abacavir and Terbfair

Question 11

Lamivudine and Terbafavir also work against

Answer 11

Hep B

Question 12

Acyclovir and Ganciclovir are

Answer 12

Herpes polymerase inhibitors

Question 13

An example of a hep C polymerase nucleotide inhibitors is

Answer 13

Sofosbuvir

Question 14

NNRTIs include

Answer 14

Efavirenz and Nevirapine

Question 15

Ritonavir is used to boost the levels of other

Answer 15

Polymerase inhibitors

Question 16

HAART is composed of

Answer 16

2 NRTIs and NNRTI or

2 NRTIs and a boosted PI/integrase inhibitor

Question 17

A M18V4 HIV mutation leads to resistance to

Answer 17

Lamivudine

Question 18

peptidoglycan is a polymer of

Answer 18

N-acetyl muramic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine

Question 19

beta-1,3-glucan is a polymer of

Answer 19

UDP-glucose

Question 20

Antivirals that inhibit replication can be

Answer 20

Polymerases
NRTIs
NNRTIs
Protease inhibitors

Question 21

Echinocandins, beta-lactams and glycopeptides are

Answer 21

cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Question 22

an example of a beta-lactam with G-VE activity only is

Answer 22

Aztreonam, a monobactam

Question 23

Tazocin increases the spectrum of what beta-lactam

Answer 23

piperacillin

Question 24

Echinocandins end in

Answer 24

-‘fungin’

Question 25

Aminoglycosides, MLS antibiotics, tetracyclines and omazolidinones are

Answer 25

protein synthesis inhibitors in bacteria

Question 26

Gentamicin binds to

Answer 26

the 30S subunit

Question 27

erythromycin binds to the 50S subunit and

Answer 27

inhibits protein elongation

Question 28

Doxycycline binds to the

Answer 28

30S subunit

Question 29

Which is more narrow spectrum, amoxicillin or meropenem?

Answer 29

Amoxicillin

Question 30

Linezolid binds to the

Answer 30

50S subunit

Question 31

what can be used in the nasal form in MRSA

Answer 31

Mupirocin

Question 32

What is commonly used to treat UTIs?

Answer 32

Trimethoprim

Question 33

What is effective against pneumocystis jirowecii and Toxoplasma gondii ?

Answer 33

Co-trimoxazole

Question 35

Quinolone are effective against

Answer 35

bacteria only

Question 36

Rifampin is used to treat

Answer 36

TB

Question 37

The lower the MIC…

Answer 37

the more sensitive the antimicrobial agent

Question 37

Azoles are used for

Answer 37

oral and vaginal thrush

Question 38

Anaerobes and streptococci are innately resistant to

Answer 38

aminoglycosides

Question 39

VRE reduce the binding of vancomycin by

Answer 39

1000 fold

Question 40

Amino glycosides are concentration dependent which is

Answer 40

Cmax/MIC

Question 41

Vancomycin is concentration dependent which is

Answer 41

AUC/MIC

Question 42

beta-lactams are time dependent which is

Answer 42

Time>MIC

Question 43

what antibiotic has the same bioavailability with with IV and PO

Answer 43

Ciprofloxacin

Question 44

Trimethoprim can cause

Answer 44

hyperkalaemaia with ACEi

Question 45

In pregnancy ciprofloxacin increases the risk of

Answer 45

arthropathy

Question 46

Nitrofurantoin should be avoided at term because it can cause

Answer 46

neonatal haemolysis

Question 47

Alcohol gel is suitable for everything but

Answer 47

C.diff and viral gastroenteritis which requires soap and water

Question 48

catheter injection sites require disinfection with

Answer 48

2% chlorohexidine in 70% isopropyl alcohol

Question 49

The standard investigation for meningitis is

Answer 49

lumbar puncture

Question 50

what is the main cause of encephalitis?

Answer 50

viruses

Question 52

What inhibits folate synthesis?

Answer 52

Trimethoprim and sulfonamides

Question 53

In what condition should lumbar puncture be discouraged?

Answer 53

brain abscesses as it can increase the pressure in the brain

Question 54

What is used to assess the severity of pneumonia?

Answer 54

CURB65

Question 55

Mantoux, IGRA and Quantiferon is used to test exposure to what?

Answer 55

TB

Question 56

What criteria is used to assess the severity of cystitis and pylonephritis?

Answer 56

KASS

Question 57

What is the main method of testing for a H.pylori infection?

Answer 57

stool antigen test

Question 58

In liver abscesses, it is important to carry out what test?

Answer 58

Hyatid serology

Question 59

What infection requires three sets of blood cultures at different times in the first 24 hours?

Answer 59

Endocarditis and vascular graft infections

Question 59

What does the catalase test help to distinguish between?

Answer 59

Strep and staph

Question 60

High risk pneumonias should be treated with

Answer 60

Co-amoxiclav and clarithromycin

Question 61

What should be used to treat C.difficile?

Answer 61

oral metronidazole

Question 62

An upper UTI can be treated with

Answer 62

IV Cefuroxime

Question 63

Sepsis requires 2 of the following:

Answer 63

Temp >38 HR>90 RR>20 WBC>12

Question 64

How much fluid are needed to manage sepsis?

Answer 64

500ml IV saline over 15 mins

Question 65

What should cellulitis be treated with?

Answer 65

Flucloxacillin

Question 66

Necrotising fasciitis should be treated with?

Answer 66

Meropenem and Clindamycin

Question 67

What can stain the teeth of babies born if used in pregnancy?

Answer 67

Tetracycline