Skin & MSK Pathology

Question 1

Are vocal cord polyps unilateral or bilateral?

Answer 1

Unilateral

They usually occur in the anterior half of Reinke’s space

Question 2

hoarsness, obstruction, dysphagia and dysphonia can be seen in

Answer 2

contact ulcer of the pharynx

Question 3

Where do contact ulcers usually occur in the pharynx?

Answer 3

The posterior aspect of the vocal cords

Question 4

Juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis is common with

Answer 4

HPV 6/11

it is a benign neoplasm

Question 5

Which regions of the larynx are most affected by SCC?

Answer 5

Supraglottic and glottic regions

Question 6

What is a spindle cell carcinoma?

Answer 6

SCC with sarcomatous pattern

It affects the anterior aspect of the true vocal cords

Question 7

What is a verrucous carcinoma?

Answer 7

well differentiated SCC of the larynx with favourable prognosis

It has a ‘church spire’ appearance

Question 8

Rhinorrhea, nasal stuffiness, obstruction and chronic headache are all features of

Answer 8

sinonasal polyps

Question 9

Allergic fungal sinusitis is most commonly due to

Answer 9

Aspergillus

Question 10

septal erosion and perforation as well as nasal pain and stuffiness are features of

Answer 10

Wegener’s granulomatosis

It also affects the kidneys and the lungs

Question 11

Where are exophytic papillomas located?

Answer 11

Exclusively on the nasal septum

Question 12

Inverted papillomas affect

Answer 12

the lateral nasal wall and middle meatus

Question 13

Nasopharyngeal angiofibromas can present as

Answer 13

anosmia
headaches
obstruction

Question 14

Cranial nerve involvement can occur in

Answer 14

SCC of the nose and paranasal sinuses

Question 15

What are the clinical features of oral lichen planus?

Answer 15

fine white lace like striae

atrophic oedematous mucosa with ulcerations

Question 16

Apthous stomatitis presents as

Answer 16

ulcers with a white, yellow or grey membrane with an erythematous halo

Question 17

SCC of the oral cavity is often preceded by

Answer 17

leukoplakia and erythroplakia

Question 18

SCC of the oropharynx is associated with

Answer 18

HPV 16 and 18

Question 19

Salivary gland mucoceles often arise due to

Answer 19

blockage/rupture of a salivary gland duct

Question 20

Pleomorphic adenomas are benign neoplasms that make up what percentage of parotid, submandibular and minor salivary gland tumours?

Answer 20

60%

Question 21

What is a biphasic tumour composed of bilayered oncocytic cells in a dense lymphoid stroma?

Answer 21

Warthin’s tumour

Question 22

What are the 3 stages of eczema?

Answer 22

Acute: 
skin is red, weeping with exudate 
Subacute: 
itching with crusting 
Chronic: 
thick and leathery skin secondary to scratching

Question 23

Coin shaped lesions are seen in

Answer 23

nummular dermatiits

Question 24

What commonly shows the Auspitz sign?

Answer 24

Psoriasis

When you peel the scale, it causes bleeding

Question 25

what presents as a butterfly rash on the cheeks and nose?

Answer 25

SLE

Question 26

What would show a IMF-LE band microscopically?

Answer 26

SLE IgG is deposited in the basement membrane of the kidneys

Question 27

Dermamyositis can present as

Answer 27

heliotropic rash and peri-ocular oedema

Question 28

What is the difference between a pemphigus and pemphigoid bullous?

Answer 28

``` Pemphigus= intraepidermal blister Pemphigoid= subepidermal blister ```

Question 29

Dermatitis Herpetiformis is associated with what disease?

Answer 29

Coeliac It presents as small, intensely itchy blisters on extensor surfaces

Question 30

BCC is often formed on

Answer 30

sun exposed sites

Question 31

SCC is classified as high risk if it is

Answer 31

2cm or >4mm thick

Question 32

From where to melanocytes hail?

Answer 32

Neural crest cells

Question 33

What is the ABCD to consider in melanoma?

Answer 33

Asymmetrical Borders uneven Colour variation Diameter >6mm

Question 34

Melanomas are often common in those with

Answer 34

fair skin and sunburn

Question 35

chronic skin damage in elderly people can lead to

Answer 35

lentigo maligna melanoma

Question 36

Acral lentigenous melanoma presents in

Answer 36

Afro-Caribbeans and on the palms and soles

Question 37

The commonest type of melanoma in the UK is

Answer 37

superficial spreading melanoma

Question 38

The most important prognostic factor melanomas is

Answer 38

Breslow thickness

Question 39

Where are melanomas most common?

Answer 39

BANS | back, arms, neck and scalp

Question 40

How can melanomas be treated?

Answer 40

BRAF Inhibitors

Question 41

subchondral cysts and osteophytes are features of

Answer 41

OA

Question 42

Morning stiffness, serum RF and swollen, warm joints are common features of

Answer 42

RA

Question 43

Sero negative arthritides that lack RF include

Answer 43

Ankylosing spondylitis Psioratic arthiritis Reiter's syndrome

Question 44

Allopurinol should not be used to treat

Answer 44

acute gout attacks NSAIDs and steriods can be used in an acute attack

Question 45

pyogenic osteomyelitis can be caused by

Answer 45

bacteria due to haematogenous spread

Question 46

Infective arthritis can be caused by

Answer 46

trauma, IV drug abuse and debilitating illness

Question 47

chalk stick fractures are common in what disease?

Answer 47

Paget's

Question 48

Lack of vit D is related to

Answer 48

osteomalacia

Question 49

What is osteitis fibrosa cystica?

Answer 49

Loss of bone mineral with osteoporosis

Question 50

Osteomas and osteoblastomas are

Answer 50

benign bone tumours

Question 51

60% of cases of osteosarcoma occur

Answer 51

around the knee

Question 52

Secondary bone tumours come from

Answer 52

``` prostate kidney breast thyroid GIT ```

Question 53

CREST syndrome is associated with

Answer 53

systemic sclerosis ``` Calcinosis Raynaud's Oesophageal dysfunction Sclerodactyly Telangiectasia ```

Question 54

Polymyalgia rheumatica is

Answer 54

stiffness, weakness, aching and pain in the muscles of the neck, limb girdles and UL

Question 55

Rhambomyolysis is

Answer 55

destruction of skeletal muscle myoglobin ins released into the blood

Question 56

Viral warts can be treated with

Answer 56

salicylic acid, silver nitrate and cryrosurgery

Question 57

How can HPV be prevented?

Answer 57

Gardasil vaccine | Barrier protection

Question 58

cysts or abscesses in the natal cleft are known as

Answer 58

Pilonidal cysts

Question 59

Impetigo can be caused by

Answer 59

S. aureus

Question 60

Erysipelas is caused by

Answer 60

S. pyogenes

Question 61

dishwater exudate is a feature of

Answer 61

necrotising fasciitis

Question 62

In sickle cell what can cause osteomyelitis?

Answer 62

Salmonella

Question 63

lymphadenopathy is associated with what stage of syphilis?

Answer 63

Primary

Question 64

Rashes all over the body are associated with what stage of syphilis?

Answer 64

Secondary