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DMST 367 Echo 3 > Advanced Modalities in echo Async. > Flashcards

Advanced Modalities in echo Async. Flashcards

1
Q

What is a GE Vscan?

A

Small bedside unit which can fit into a lab coat pocket

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2
Q

What are GE scans used for?

A

Used by cardiologists for quick look at the heart (full study recommended afterwards)

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3
Q

What is GE Vscans capable of?

A

2D + colour (no spectral) echo + vasc

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4
Q

What is the GE Vscan probe like?

A

Double ended probe

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5
Q

What does 3D probes use to plot points?

A

Cartesian coordinate system

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6
Q

What is biplane imaging?

A

Uses two 90 degree slices for simultaneous imaging

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7
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Biplane imaging

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8
Q

What is triplane imaging? What do we see?

A

When all views are seen simultaneously
1. Valves
2. Wall motion
3. Masses and veggies

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9
Q

What produces the most accurate estimation of EF?

A

Triplane imaging
All views must be taken within the same beat

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10
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Triplane imaging

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11
Q

What is 9/12 slice from 4D?

A

9 slices simultaneously

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12
Q

What might 9/12 slice from 4D be imaged with?

A
  1. Color doppler
  2. Contrast might be used for better visibility
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13
Q

What does this image represent?

A

9/12 slice from 4D

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14
Q

What is 12 slice 3D/4D

A

9 slices + 3 apical planes

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15
Q

with 12 slice 3D/4D ROI is displayed as what?

A

Lines on apicals

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16
Q

Information on 3D/4D images comes in what?

A

Voxels

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17
Q

3D/4D imaging uses what?

A

Volume rendered 3D

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18
Q

Surface rendered 3D echo only provides what?

A

Outer 3D rendering

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19
Q

Why do we use 3D to assess for? 3

A
  1. Valves
  2. LV volumes
  3. Massess
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20
Q

What do we need to have for a good 3D

21
Q

How do we get real time 3D?

A

Image is formed by stitching pie shaped slices together to form a full volume data set

22
Q

What does cropping in 3D do?

A

Crop to focus on specific information (Limited ROI)

23
Q

What is strain imaging?

A

Describes the deformation of an object. Like how much a myocardial segment is moving

24
Q

What is the formula for strain?

25
Why should strain values be negative?
Because L
26
In terms of strain in the heart, what happens?
Myocardial fibers shorten and lengthen in many directions during the cardiac cycle
27
What is the best window to see strain in the heart?
Apical window or the longitudinal plane
28
Label
29
In terms of 2D strain imaging, the machine does what?
Tracks the speckles in the 2D image throughout systole
30
What is AKA GLS or STE?
1. AKA GLS: Global longitudinal strain 2. STE: Speckle tracking echocardiography
31
When do we use GLS/ STE? 2
1. LV functional assessment 2. Prognostic factors
32
What are some LV functional assessments we can see with GLS/STE? 5
1. Chemotherapy 2. Heart transplant rejection 3. Valvular disease 4. Cardiomyopathies 5. Hypertensive heart diseases
33
What does using GLS/STE for heart transplant rejections do? 2
1. Reduces the need for myocardial biopsies 2. STE very prognostic for ACR (Acute cellular rejection) while 2D echo methods have failed
34
What are some prognostic factors that GLS/STE is used for?2
1. Heart failure outcomes from any cause 2. Embolic risk for paroxysmal A-fib
35
How is strain done?
1. With the technologist help, the machine identifies the region of interest or ROI 2. Displays colour coded strain information over the 2D image
36
What does this image represent?
Strain imaging
37
What is a strain graph?
Software which plots a graph with the peak systolic strain values for each segment in the view
38
When are strain graphs done?
Done offline in the all 3 apical views
39
What are needed for strain graphs?
Good images
40
What does this image represent?
Strain graph
41
In terms of 2D strain imaging, software applies what?
Strain values to each LV segment
42
How is strain usually displayed?
On the echo bulls eye
43
What does the blue and red mean?
Red = good, Blue = bad
44
What does this image represent?
Display of GLSL (Bull's eye plot)
45
Label
**Values are vendor dependent*
46
What is another good reason for strain?
Strain is not affected by tethering
47
What is tethering?
When diseased segment is getting pulled along by a healthy segment
48
Strain allows us to do what?
Differentiate normal from tethered segments
49

DMST 367 Echo 3 (27 decks)

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