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DMST 367 Echo 3 > Hypertension Async > Flashcards

Hypertension Async Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal Hypertension?

A

<120/80

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2
Q

Essential HTN is also known as what?

A

Primary HTN

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3
Q

What are causes of Primary hypertension? 7

A
  1. Hereditary
  2. High Cholesterol
  3. Obesity
  4. Diabetes
  5. Sedentary Lifestyle
  6. Renal disease
  7. Coarctation
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4
Q

What are risk factors of Primary HTN? 4

A
  1. Older age
  2. Male > female
  3. Lifestyle
  4. Ethnicity (African decent)
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5
Q

What are some lifestyle factors that attribute to Primary HTN? 4

A
  1. Stress
  2. Excessive sodium intake
  3. Excessive alcohol intake
  4. Smoking
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6
Q

Hypertension may result in complications to which organs? 5

A
  1. Brain
  2. Heart
  3. Vascular system
  4. Eyes
  5. Kidneys
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7
Q

How can HTN affect the brain? 2

A
  1. Dementia
  2. TIA/ Stroke
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8
Q

How HTN affect the heart? 4

A
  1. LVH
  2. IHD/CAD/ MI
  3. Arrhythmias
  4. CHF
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9
Q

What are some ways that HTN affects the vascular system? 3

A
  1. Aneurysm
  2. Dissection
  3. Atherosclerosis
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10
Q

When pressure increases in the heart, the heart will do what to compensate?

A

Increase wall thickness

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11
Q

LVH affects the heart in two ways what are they?

A
  1. Diastolic dysfunction
  2. Systolic dysfunction
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12
Q

How does LVH affect Diastolic dysfunction?

A

Altered muscle cannot relax

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13
Q

How does LVH affect systolic dysfunction?

A

Cannot maintain adequate blood supply to big heart muscle

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14
Q

HTN frequently leads to what down the line?

A

CHF

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15
Q

What are some lifestyle modifications that can help assist with HTN? 5

A
  1. Exercise
  2. Control salt intake
  3. Lipid management
  4. Smoking cessation
  5. Stress reduction techniques
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16
Q

What are two ways to manage HTN?

A
  1. Iifestyle
  2. Medication
17
Q

What is the role of echo in hypertension? 4

A
  1. Assess LVH
  2. Assess LV systolic and diastolic function
  3. Look for causes of hypertension
  4. Identify other cardiac anomalies associated with HTN
18
Q

What are two ways to assess for LVH?

A
  1. Wall thickness
  2. LV mass
19
Q

How do we assess for Wall thickness for LVH? 2

A
  1. 2D or M- Mode
  2. RWT
20
Q

How do we assess for LV mass for LVH? 3

A
  1. Linear method
  2. Area/ length
  3. LV mass index
21
Q

Fill the chart

A

Iron deposits

22
Q

What is a sigmoid septum?

A

Basal septal focal hypertrophy

23
Q

In terms of a sigmoid septum, the myocardial disarray is related to what?

A

Reduced perfusion in the segment, causing thickening

24
Q

What is the motion of sigmoid septum walls?

A

Frequently hypokinetic

25
Is sigmoid septum’s considered LVH?
No
26
With a sigmoid septum there is an increased risk of what?
Adverse cardiac events
27
Sigmoid septum’s are seen in which patients? 2
1. Diabetics 2. Elderly patients
28
What effects do we see with Sigmoid septum’s? 2
1. Subaortic stenosis 2. LVOT accel
29
What does this image represent?
Concentric remodeling and concentric hypertrophy is related to hypertension and eccentric geometry is related to Volume overload
30
What does this image represent?
Concentric hypertrophy
31
Structural changes in myocytes with LVH inhibit what?
LV contraction and relaxation
32
Decreased LV function may lead to what?
CHF
33
Systolic function is often hyper dynamic with what? What does this lead to?
LVH and may lead to LVOT obstruction
34
The only cardiac cause of HTN is what?
Coarctation of the aorta
35
What is coarctation of the aorta?
Congenital narrowing of the descending aorta
36
Coarctation of the aorta is associated with what?
Dagger shaped doppler profile
37
What are some pathologies that we assess for in terms of HTN? 5
1. MAC 2. AV sclerosis 3. Dilated ascending aorta 4. AI 5. Atherosclerosis in the aorta
38
What does this image represent?

DMST 367 Echo 3 (27 decks)

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