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Flashcards in Advanced Pharmacology Deck (33)
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1
Q

cost-effectiveness analysis

A

cost per unit of survival time

2
Q

cost-benefit analysis

A

cost to achieve therapeutic objective

3
Q

cost-minimization analysis

A

total cost in dollars

4
Q

cost-unity analysis

A

cost per quality-adjusted life year

5
Q

primary cost of therapy

A

cost of the drug itself

6
Q

secondary costs of therapy

A

med administration, lab monitoring, follow-up care, re-treatment/rescue therapy

7
Q

MedWatch 4 goals

A
  • increase awareness of drug and device induced disease
  • clarify what should(nt) be reported
  • to report adverse events and product problems
  • to provide regular feedback to health care members abut safety issues with medical products
8
Q

Adverse Drug reaction: Inherent effect

A

excessive degree or desired effect, unintended side effect

9
Q

Adverse Drug reaction: Allergy

A

classic manifestations of immunologic response

10
Q

Adverse Drug reaction: Local irritant

A

Hypersensitivity reaction

11
Q

Drug interaction: Addition

A

a response elicited by combining drugs thats equal to the combined responses of the individual drugs
1+1=2

12
Q

Drug interaction: Synergism

A

The response elicited by combined drugs is greater than the combined responses of the individual drugs
1+1=3

13
Q

Drug interaction: Potentiation

A

A drug which has no effect and enhances the effect of the 2nd drug
0+1=2

14
Q

Drug interaction: Antafonism

A

The drug inhibits the effect of another drug, usually antagonism has no inherent activity
0+1=0
1+1=0

15
Q

Type I hypersensitivity reaction

A

IgE medicated allergic reaction

16
Q

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

A

Cytotoxic reactions

17
Q

Type III hypersensitivity reaction

A

Immune complex reactions

18
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity reaction

A

Cell-mediated reactions

19
Q

Type D- Teratogenic drug reactions

A

delayed, becomes apparent after use of drug

20
Q

Thalidomide (Caontergan)

A

used as CNS depressant, causes severe birth defects

21
Q

Teratogen pre-implantation (first 2 weeks)

A

affected cells die or undifferentiated

22
Q

Teratogen effects on embryonic period (3-8 weeks)

A

most critical to avoid drug exposure

23
Q

Teratogen effects on fetal period (9 weeks-term)

A

organ structure grow, can cause intrauterine growth retardation

24
Q

what other factors affect teratology?

A
  • maternal-fetal genotype(maternal absorption)
  • dose-response relationships(route of administration, amount of med given)
  • specificity of agent (maternal metabolism and placental transfer)
  • drug interactions
25
Q

Teratology

A

the scientific study of congenital abnormalities and abnormal formations.

26
Q

FDA pregnancy category A

A

controlled studies, no risk to fetus in first trimester

27
Q

FDA pregnancy category B

A

animal studies= no risk, no pregnant studies

OR animal studies = risk but controlled pregnant studies =no risk

28
Q

FDA pregnancy category C

A

animal studies=risk, no pregnant studies

OR no studies available

29
Q

FDA pregnancy category D

A

pregnant risk but may be prescribed if benefit outweighs risk

30
Q

FDA pregnancy category X

A

absolute pregnancy risk, risk outweigh benefit

31
Q

predictors of non-adherence

A

low literacy, homelessness, depression, psychiatric disease, lack of insight to disease etc

32
Q

KISS principle (keep it simple stupid)

A
S=simplify regimen
I= Impart knowledge 
M= modify patient beliefs and human behavior
P= provide communication and trust
L= leave the bias
E= evaluate adherence
33
Q

contingency contracting

A

an agreement between a patient and provider for behavioral goals and reinforces and rewards that the patient will receive contingent upon achieving goals