Advanced Vocab Words - Set 2

Question 1

Define:

odium

(oh-dee-um)

Answer 1

n. repugnance, hatred

n. strong dislike

The popular odium of attorneys is often unmerited.

Root: odi (from Latin odium, meaning “hatred”)

Question 2

Define:

officious

(uh-fish-us)

Answer 2

adj. prone to giving unwanted advice

I make a habit of giving honest opinions, but I try to avoid being officious with my friends.

Prefix: ob- (from Latin, meaning “toward” or “against”); Root: facere (from Latin, meaning “to do” or “to make”); Suffix: -ious (forming adjectives, meaning “full of” or “having the qualities of”)

Question 3

Define:

opaque

(owe-peyk)

Answer 3

adj. blocking all light

adj. hard to understand

The windows became so dirty they were almost opaque.

Root: opaqu (from Latin opacus, meaning “shady” or “dark”)

Question 4

Define:

opportune

(opp-er-tune)

Answer 4

adj. happening under fitting circumstances, or at an appropriate or favorable time

The students waited for an opportune moment to surprise their teacher with the bouquet of flowers they had prepared.

Prefix: ob- (from Latin, meaning “toward” or “against”); Root: port (from Latin portus, meaning “harbor” or “port”)

Question 5

Define:

superfluous

(suh-per-flu-us)

Answer 5

adj. more than necessary; unnecessary

The student’s essay was full of superfluous phrases that needed to be deleted.

Prefix: super- (from Latin, meaning “above” or “beyond”); Root: flu (from Latin fluere, meaning “to flow”); Suffix: -ous (forming adjectives, meaning “full of”)

Question 6

Define:

supersede

(sue-per-seed)

Answer 6

v. to substitute; to take precedence over

It had been my understanding that the new tax code supersedes the old one, but actually both are in vigor simultaneously.

Prefix: super- (from Latin, meaning “above” or “beyond”); Root: sed (from Latin sedere, meaning “to sit”)

Question 7

Define:

supplant

(suh-plant)

Answer 7

v. to replace

The higher-ups tried to supplant rebellious teachers with conformists.

Prefix: sub- (altered to sup- before certain consonants, meaning “under” or “below”); Root: plant (from Latin plantare, meaning “to plant”)

Question 8

Define:

supplicate

(sup-lih-kate)

Answer 8

v. to humbly ask

The churchgoers then bowed their heads and supplicated God to answer their prayers.

Prefix: sub- (altered to sup- before certain consonants, meaning “under” or “below”); Root: plic (from Latin plicare, meaning “to fold”)

Question 9

Define:

surmount

(ser-mount)

Answer 9

v. to overcome

v. to rise above

Through sheer determination, he was able to surmount his disadvantages and win the contest outright.

Prefix: sur- (from Old French, meaning “over” or “above”); Root: mount (from Latin montare, meaning “to climb”)

Question 10

Define:

surreptitious

(ser-up-tish-us)

Answer 10

adj. secretive

Since they were not allowed to speak, the couple exchanged surreptitious glances from across the room.

Prefix: sub- (altered to sur- before certain consonants, meaning “under” or “secretly”); Root: rapt (from Latin rapere, meaning “to seize”); Suffix: -ious (forming adjectives, meaning “full of”)

Question 11

Define:

symbiotic

(sim-bee-ott-ik)

Answer 11

adj. related to a relationship between two or more organisms living together

The whale and the small fish that cling to its body have a symbiotic relationship.

Prefix: sym- (from Greek syn, meaning “together”); Root: bio (from Greek bios, meaning “life”); Suffix: -ic (forming adjectives, meaning “pertaining to”)

Question 12

Define:

synapse

(sin-apse)

Answer 12

n. the small gap between the cells of nerves

Neurotransmitters travel across the synapse between brain cells.

Prefix: syn- (from Greek, meaning “together”); Root: apse (from Greek haptein, meaning “to fasten”)

Question 13

Define:

synchronous

(sing-kruh-nuss)

Answer 13

adj. operating at the same time or at the same rate

The film was notable for its synchronous premiere in 11 capital cities around the globe.

Prefix: syn- (from Greek, meaning “together”); Root: chron (from Greek chronos, meaning “time”); Suffix: -ous (forming adjectives, meaning “full of”)

Question 14

Define:

tacit

(tass-it)

Answer 14

adj. implied or unspoken

There was a tacit agreement between the two companies that neither would expand into the other’s city.

Root: tac (from Latin tacitus, meaning “silent”)

Question 15

Define:

taciturn

(tass-ih-turn)

Answer 15

adj. tending to be silent; quiet

Some of the students were quite taciturn and had to be asked to participate more.

Root: tac (from Latin tacitus, meaning “silent”); Suffix: -urn (forming adjectives, indicating a tendency)

Question 16

Define:

exacerbate

(ig-zass-er-bate)

Answer 16

v. to make worse

The children’s screaming exacerbated their father’s headache.

Prefix: ex- (from Latin, meaning “out” or “thoroughly”); Root: acerb (from Latin acerbus, meaning “bitter” or “harsh”)

Question 17

Define:

exact

(ig-zact)

Answer 17

v. to forcibly obtain

The detectives finally exacted the truth from the witness.

Prefix: ex- (from Latin, meaning “out” or “thoroughly”); Root: act (from Latin agere, meaning “to do” or “to drive”)

Question 18

Define:

exculpate

(ek-skull-pate)

Answer 18

v. to free from blame

The political prisoner was fully exculpated only when the dictatorship was overthrown and an independent truth commission established.

Prefix: ex- (from Latin, meaning “out” or “from”); Root: culp (from Latin culpa, meaning “fault” or “blame”)

Question 19

Define:

exhort

(ig-zort)

Answer 19

v. to urge by strong appeal

Taking the loudspeaker in her hand, the policewoman exhorted the kidnapper to release his hostage.

Prefix: ex- (from Latin, meaning “out” or “thoroughly”); Root: hort (from Latin hortari, meaning “to encourage” or “to urge”)

Question 20

Define:

exigent

(ek-suh-djunt)

Answer 20

adj. requiring immediate attention; pressing, demanding

The show’s run was cut short by an exigent lack of funds.

Prefix: ex- (from Latin, meaning “out” or “thoroughly”); Root: ig (from Latin agere, meaning “to drive” or “to act”); Suffix: -ent (forming adjectives, meaning “performing an action”)

Question 21

Which vocabulary word means the following?

n. blame

n. strong dislike

Hint: starts with “o”

Answer 21

odium

synonyms: shame, dishonor; disgust, detestation, contempt, aversion, revulsion

He faced odium from his peers after the project failed due to his oversight.

The odium directed at the politician was palpable after the controversial decision.

Question 22

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word.

Her ________ nature made her unpopular at social gatherings, as she constantly offered unsolicited tips.

Hint: The word starts with ‘o’.

Answer 22

officious

adj. prone to giving unwanted advice

Question 23

Which vocabulary word means the following?

adj. blocking all light

adj. hard to understand

Hint: starts with “o”

Answer 23

opaque

synonyms: blurred, darkened, lusterless; baffling, cryptic, clouded, unclear, ambiguous

The opaque curtains kept the room completely dark even during midday.

His explanation was so opaque that no one in the class could follow his logic.

Question 24

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word.

The job offer came at an ________ moment, just as she was considering a career change.

Hint: The word starts with ‘o’.

Answer 24

opportune

adj. happening under fitting circumstances

Question 25

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. more than necessary; unnecessary ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "s"*

Answer 25

superfluous ## Footnote synonyms: extra, excessive, overdone, redundant, unnecessary, surplus Her apology seemed _superfluous_, as the issue had already been resolved.

Question 26

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The new law will \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the outdated regulations next year. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 's'.*

Answer 26

supersede ## Footnote v. to substitute; to take precedence over

Question 27

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to replace ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "s"*

Answer 27

supplant ## Footnote synonyms: substitute, usurp, replace, displace, supplant As technology evolves, new devices continually _supplant_ older models in the market.

Question 28

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The villagers \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for rain during the prolonged drought. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 's'.*

Answer 28

supplicate ## Footnote v. to humbly ask

Question 29

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to overcome v. to rise above ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "s"*

Answer 29

surmount ## Footnote synonyms: vanquish, transcend, overcome, rise above, conquer She managed to _surmount_ all obstacles and graduate at the top of her class. The athlete's determination allowed him to _surmount_ his previous records.

Question 30

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Their \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ meeting was held late at night to avoid detection. ## Footnote Hint: The word starts with 's'.

Answer 30

surreptitious ## Footnote adj. secretive

Question 31

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. related to a relationship between two or more organisms living together ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "s"*

Answer 31

symbiotic ## Footnote synonyms: coactive, harmonious, joining, interdependent, collaborative, mutual The _symbiotic_ relationship between the bees and flowers benefits both species.

Question 32

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is crucial for transmitting signals between neurons in the brain. ## Footnote Hint: The word starts with 's'.

Answer 32

synapse ## Footnote n. the small gap between the cells of nerves

Question 33

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. operating at the same time or at the same rate ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "s"*

Answer 33

synchronous ## Footnote synonyms: concurrent, simultaneous, coordinated, aligned, parallel The dancers moved in _synchronous_ harmony, perfectly in sync with the music.

Question 34

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. There was a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ understanding between them, even though no words were exchanged. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 't'.*

Answer 34

tacit ## Footnote adj. implied or unspoken

Question 35

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. tending to be silent; quiet ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "t"*

Answer 35

taciturn ## Footnote synonyms: aloof, silent, mum, reserved, reticent, quiet He remained _taciturn_ throughout the meeting, preferring to listen rather than speak.

Question 36

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. His careless remarks only \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the tense situation. ## Footnote Hint: The word starts with 'e'.

Answer 36

exacerbate ## Footnote v. to make worse

Question 37

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to forcibly obtain ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "e"*

Answer 37

exact ## Footnote synonyms: claim, take, demand, require, impose The conqueror _exacted_ heavy taxes from the subdued population.

Question 38

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. New evidence helped to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the accused of all charges. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 38

exculpate ## Footnote v. to free from blame

Question 39

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to urge by strong appeal ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "e"*

Answer 39

exhort ## Footnote synonyms: warn, beseech, encourage, urge, implore The coach _exhorted_ his team to give their best performance during the final match.

Question 40

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nature of the patient's condition required immediate medical intervention. ## Footnote Hint: The word starts with 'e'.

Answer 40

exigent ## Footnote adj. requiring immediate attention; pressing, demanding

Question 41

# Define: exonerate | (ig-**zawn**-ih-rate)

Answer 41

v. to clear of blame, guilt, or burden ## Footnote Though the defendant had clearly done something wrong, the court had no choice but to _exonerate_ her on the present charges. Prefix: *ex-* (from Latin, meaning "out of" or "from"); Root: *oner* (from Latin *onus*, meaning "burden")

Question 42

# Define: expedient | (ek-**spee**-dee-unt)

Answer 42

adj. beneficial for one's goal n. a hastily prepared solution to a sudden problem ## Footnote The politician tended to bring up his humble origins when it was politically _expedient_. Prefix: *ex-* (from Latin, meaning "out of" or "from"); Root: *ped* (from Latin *pes*, meaning "foot")

Question 43

# Define: expedite | (**ek**-spuh-dahyt)

Answer 43

v. to speed up ## Footnote For an extra fee, the post office can _expedite_ your package's delivery. Prefix: *ex-* (from Latin, meaning "out of" or "from"); Root: *ped* (from Latin *pes*, meaning "foot")

Question 44

# Define: expiate | (**ek**-spee-ate)

Answer 44

v. to atone for ## Footnote After destroying his friend's car, Jim hoped the fruit basket he sent would _expiate_ his guilt. Prefix: *ex-* (from Latin, meaning "out of" or "from"); Root: *pi* (from Latin *piare*, meaning "to atone")

Question 45

# Define: extemporaneous | (ik-stem-puh-**ray**-nee-us)

Answer 45

adj. made up on the spot, ad-libbed ## Footnote To be a news anchor, she would have to improve her _extemporaneous_ speaking skills. Prefix: *ex-* (from Latin, meaning "out of" or "from"); Root: *tempor* (from Latin *tempus*, meaning "time")

Question 46

# Define: extol | (ik-**stole**)

Answer 46

v. to praise ## Footnote Melinda was often heard _extolling_ her daughter's many talents. Prefix: *ex-* (from Latin, meaning "out of" or "from"); Root: *tol* (from Latin *tollere*, meaning "to raise")

Question 47

# Define: extrapolate | (ek-**strap**-ih-late)

Answer 47

v. to make a guess based on facts ## Footnote Pete figured it was possible to _extrapolate_ her personality from her Facebook profile. Prefix: *extra-* (from Latin, meaning "outside" or "beyond"); Root: *pol* (from Latin *polire*, meaning "to polish")

Question 48

# Define: extricate | (**ek**-strih-kate)

Answer 48

v. to disentangle, to break free from ## Footnote It was heartbreaking to watch the butterfly struggle in vain to _extricate_ itself from the spider web. Prefix: *ex-* (from Latin, meaning "out of" or "from"); Root: *tric* (from Latin *tricae*, meaning "perplexities")

Question 49

# Define: churl | (**churl**)

Answer 49

n. a rude person n. a cheap person ## Footnote I had been waiting in line for hours when some _churl_ tried to cut in front of me. Root: *ceorl* (from Old English, meaning "man of low rank")

Question 50

# Define: circuitous | (sir-**cue**-ih-tuss)

Answer 50

adj. roundabout ## Footnote Because of the traffic accident, we had to take a _circuitous_ route to the bank. Root: *circuit* (from Latin *circuitus*, meaning "a going around"); Suffix: *-ous* (forming adjectives, meaning "full of")

Question 51

# Define circumscribe | (**sir**-come-skrahyb)

Answer 51

v. to draw or contain in a circle v. to limit or restrain ## Footnote I believe our government's actions are _circumscribed_ by financial interests as well as moral imperatives. Prefix: *circum-* (from Latin, meaning "around"); Root: *scribe* (from Latin *scribere*, meaning "to write")

Question 52

# Define: circumspect | (**sir**-come-spekt)

Answer 52

adj. prudent; cautious ## Footnote Though her mother's boyfriend attempted to win affection with toys and treats, Elise remained _circumspect_ around him. Prefix: *circum-* (from Latin, meaning "around"); Root: *spect* (from Latin *specere*, meaning "to look")

Question 53

# Define: circumvent | (sir-kum-**vent**)

Answer 53

v. to get around an obstacle ## Footnote She managed to _circumvent_ security and approached her favorite actor backstage. Prefix: *circum-* (from Latin, meaning "around"); Root: *vent* (from Latin *venire*, meaning "to come")

Question 54

# Define: cleave | (**kleev**)

Answer 54

v. to cut off with force v. to be loyal to v. to develop an emotional bond with ## Footnote She vowed that even when tempted she would _cleave_ to her principles. Root: *cleofan* (from Old English, meaning "to split" or "to adhere")

Question 55

# Define: cloister | (**cloy**-stur)

Answer 55

v. to isolate n. a place for religious isolation ## Footnote The boy's parents tended to _cloister_ him from the harsher realities of the world. Root: *cloist* (from Latin *claustrum*, meaning "enclosure")

Question 56

# Define: coagulate | (koh-**ag**-yuh-late)

Answer 56

v. to clot or solidify ## Footnote The poorly-made syrup began to _coagulate_ on the pancakes after a few minutes. Prefix: *co-* (from Latin, meaning "together"); Root: *ag* (from Latin *agere*, meaning "to drive")

Question 57

# Define: coalesce | (koh-ih-**less**)

Answer 57

v. to come together to form a single unit ## Footnote Our county's many poverty initiatives are too different to _coalesce_ into an effective whole. Prefix: *co-* (from Latin, meaning "together"); Root: *alesc* (from Latin *alescere*, meaning "to grow")

Question 58

# Define: cogent | (**koh**-djunt)

Answer 58

adj. clear and convincing adj. relevant ## Footnote We won the debate because the other team was unable to mount a _cogent_ counter argument. Root: *cog* (from Latin *cogere*, meaning "to drive together")

Question 59

# Define: cohere | (koh-**heer**)

Answer 59

v. to be logically connected to v. to stick to each other ## Footnote These short stories are quite charming when taken separately, but they will not _cohere_ if published together as a collection. Prefix: *co-* (from Latin, meaning "together"); Root: *here* (from Latin *haerere*, meaning "to stick")

Question 60

# Define: intransigent | (in-**tran**-suh-junt)

Answer 60

adj. unwilling to compromise ## Footnote The government remained _intransigent_ despite the people's protest. Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "not"); Root: *transig* (from Latin *transigere*, meaning "to come to an agreement"); Suffix: *-ent* (forming adjectives, meaning "performing or causing an action")

Question 61

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to clear of blame or guilt ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "e"*

Answer 61

exonerate ## Footnote synonyms: absolve, acquit, vindicate, clear, exculpate, discharge The new evidence _exonerated_ the defendant, proving he had no involvement in the crime.

Question 62

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Choosing the most \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ option, he decided to postpone the meeting to meet his deadline. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 62

expedient ## Footnote adj. beneficial for one's goal n. a hastily prepared solution to a sudden problem

Question 63

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to speed up ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "e"*

Answer 63

expedite ## Footnote synonyms: accelerate, hasten, facilitate, quicken, speed up They hired more workers to _expedite_ the construction process and finish ahead of schedule.

Question 64

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. He worked to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ his guilt by volunteering at the local shelter. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 64

expiate ## Footnote v. to atone for wrongdoing

Question 65

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. made up on the spot, ad-libbed ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "e"*

Answer 65

extemporaneous ## Footnote synonyms: improvised, impromptu, unprepared, spontaneous, ad-libbed Her _extemporaneous_ speech impressed the audience, despite being unplanned.

Question 66

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The teacher \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the student for her outstanding performance in the competition. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 66

extol ## Footnote v. to praise

Question 67

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to make a guess based on facts; to conjecture ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "e"*

Answer 67

extrapolate ## Footnote synonyms: assume, hypothesize, infer, deduce, project Scientists used data from past experiments to _extrapolate_ the likely outcome of the new test.

Question 68

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. It took hours to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the hiker from the thick underbrush. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 68

extricate ## Footnote v. to disentangle, to break free from

Question 69

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. a rude person n. a cheap person ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "c"*

Answer 69

churl ## Footnote synonyms: lout, oaf; miser, peasant, boor, clod, misanthrope The _churl_ refused to hold the door open for the elderly woman. Known for his stinginess, the _churl_ never tipped the waiter, no matter how good the service.

Question 70

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Their journey took a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ route through the countryside, avoiding the main highway. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'c'.*

Answer 70

circuitous ## Footnote adj. roundabout

Question 71

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to draw or contain in a circle v. to limit or restrain ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "c"*

Answer 71

circumscribe ## Footnote synonyms: mark off, bound, confine, limit, restrict, delineate The artist _circumscribed_ the design with a fine, precise border. The new rules _circumscribe_ the amount of time employees can spend on personal tasks during work hours.

Question 72

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. He was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in his dealings, always thinking through the consequences before making a move. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'c'.*

Answer 72

circumspect ## Footnote adj. prudent; cautious

Question 73

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to get around an obstacle ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "c"*

Answer 73

circumvent ## Footnote synonyms: avoid, bypass, dodge, evade, elude He found a clever way to _circumvent_ the security system and access the restricted area.

Question 74

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The lumberjack \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the log in two with a single swing of his axe. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'c'.*

Answer 74

cleave ## Footnote v. to split or sever (e.g., with force) v. to cling loyally or emotionally

Question 75

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to isolate n. a place for religious isolation ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "c"*

Answer 75

cloister ## Footnote synonyms: secluded, monastery, convent, retreat She chose to _cloister_ herself in her room to focus on writing. The monks lived in a quiet _cloister_, far removed from the bustle of the city.

Question 76

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The blood began to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ shortly after the injury. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'c'.*

Answer 76

coagulate ## Footnote v. to clot or solidify (for liquids)

Question 77

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to come together to form a single unit ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "c"*

Answer 77

coalesce ## Footnote synonyms: adhere, cling, merge, unite, combine The small towns _coalesced_ into a single city over time.

Question 78

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ argument persuaded everyone in the room. ## Footnote Hint: The word starts with 'c'.

Answer 78

cogent ## Footnote adj. clear and convincing adj. relevant

Question 79

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to be logically connected to v. to stick to each other ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "c"*

Answer 79

cohere ## Footnote synonyms: adhere, conform, stick, bond, unite The ideas in the paper _cohere_ well, making the argument easy to follow. After cooling, the molecules in the solution began to cohere and form a solid.

Question 80

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The negotiators grew frustrated with the company's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ stance on the contract terms. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'i'.*

Answer 80

intransigent ## Footnote adj. unwilling to compromise

Question 81

# Define: intrepid | (in-**trep**-id)

Answer 81

adj. courageous ## Footnote The _intrepid_ naturalist routinely braved storms and mudslides to document new species. Prefix: *in-* (meaning "not"), Root: *trepid* (from Latin *trepidus*, meaning "anxious" or "fearful")

Question 82

# Define: intrinsic | (in-**trin**-zik)

Answer 82

adj. related to an object's essence ## Footnote Unfortunately, some degree of inefficiency is _intrinsic_ to all democracies. Prefix: *intra-* (meaning "within"), Root: *secus* (from Latin, meaning "following")

Question 83

# Define: inure | (in-**your**)

Answer 83

v. to become accustomed to something negative or unpleasant ## Footnote Nearby residents soon became _inured_ to the noise from the construction project. Prefix: *in-* (meaning "in" or "into"), Root: *ure* (from Latin *usus*, meaning "use")

Question 84

# Define: invective | (in-**vek**-tiv)

Answer 84

adj. verbally abusive n. abusive or stern language ## Footnote What this debate needs is a little less _invective_ and a little more substance. Prefix: *in-* (meaning "into"), Root: *vehere* (from Latin, meaning "to carry")

Question 85

# Define: irrevocable | (ih-**rev**-ih-kuh-bull)

Answer 85

adj. unable to be revoked; permanent ## Footnote The laws the king decreed were _irrevocable_ even after he left the throne. Prefix: *ir-* (meaning "not"), Root: *revocare* (from Latin, meaning "to call back"), Suffix: *-able* (meaning "capable of")

Question 86

# Define: jocular | (**jock-**yuh-lur)

Answer 86

adj. related to jokes ## Footnote The boy was popular with his classmates due to his cheerful, _jocular_ nature. Root: *jocul* (from Latin *jocus*, meaning "joke"), Suffix: *-ar* (forming adjectives)

Question 87

# Define: kernel | (**kur**-null)

Answer 87

n. the central part of a situation or seed ## Footnote The _kernel_ of the matter was that she didn't even know where to begin looking for a new house. Root: *kern* (from Old English *cyrnel*, meaning "seed" or "core")

Question 88

# Define: lackluster | (**lack**-luss-tur)

Answer 88

adj. not lively; not bright ## Footnote Tired from a long day, Susan gave a very _lackluster_ performance during the dress rehearsal. Root: *lack* (meaning "absence"), Root: *luster* (from Latin *lustrare*, meaning "to illuminate")

Question 89

# Define: refractory | (rih-**frack**-tuh-ree)

Answer 89

adj. stubborn; difficult to treat or handle ## Footnote The doctors did not know how to deal with such a _refractory_ infection. Prefix: *re-* (meaning "again"), Root: *fract* (from Latin *frangere*, meaning "to break"), Suffix: *-ory* (forming adjectives)

Question 90

# Define: regiment | (**redj**-ih-munt)

Answer 90

n. a military unit of troops v. to enforce a strict order or conformity ## Footnote Four army _regiments_ occupied the city last week. Root: *regimen* (from Latin, meaning "rule" or "system of order")

Question 91

# Define: remonstrate | (rih-**mon-**strehyt)

Answer 91

v. to protest ## Footnote Many special-interest groups _remonstrated_ against the new legislation. Prefix: *re-* (meaning "again"), Root: *monstrare* (from Latin, meaning "to show")

Question 92

# Define: remunerate | (rih-**mew**-nuh-rehyt)

Answer 92

v. to compensate monetarily for trouble or work done ## Footnote Although they finally had to throw the computer out, Linda _remunerated_ her friend for trying to fix it anyway. Prefix: *re-* (meaning "again"), Root: *muner* (from Latin *munus*, meaning "gift"), Suffix: *-ate* (forming verbs)

Question 93

# Define: render | (**ren**-der)

Answer 93

v. to take forcibly, result in, or cause to become v. to do something for someone else ## Footnote His harsh words _rendered_ her speechless. Root: *rend* (from Latin *reddere*, meaning "to give back")

Question 94

# Define: repose | (rih-**poze**)

Answer 94

n. peacefulness, rest v. to be lying or stationary ## Footnote In the summer, she would often lie under the willow trees in complete _repose_. Prefix: *re-* (meaning "again"), Root: *pose* (from Latin *pausare*, meaning "to pause")

Question 95

# Define: repudiate | (rih-**pew**-dee-ehyt)

Answer 95

v. to renounce ownership or disown v. to refuse to recognize v. to reject as true ## Footnote The scientists who discovered the fossil were shocked when it was _repudiated_ as a fake. Prefix: *re-* (meaning "again"), Root: *pud* (from Latin *pudere*, meaning "to be ashamed"), Suffix: *-ate* (forming verbs)

Question 96

# Define: reticent | (**rett**-ih-sunt)

Answer 96

adj. not wanting to talk; reluctant ## Footnote When asked about the stolen vase, the maid was _reticent_ even though she had seen the thief take it. Prefix: *re-* (meaning "again"), Root: *ticere* (from Latin, meaning "to be silent")

Question 97

# Define: retiring | (rih-**tie**-ring)

Answer 97

adj. shy; quiet ## Footnote During high school, Mary became so _retiring_ that people sometimes didn't notice when they shared a class with her. Prefix: *re-* (meaning "again"), Root: *tirer* (from Old French, meaning "to draw")

Question 98

# Define: revere | (rih-**veer**)

Answer 98

v. to admire greatly; to honor ## Footnote The mayor was so _revered_ by the village that every single man, woman, and child attended his funeral. Prefix: *re-* (meaning "again"), Root: *vereri* (from Latin, meaning "to respect")

Question 99

# Define: platitude | (**plat**-ih-tewd)

Answer 99

n. a cliché, dull, or unenlightening saying ## Footnote My father's favorite _platitude_ was, "Winners never quit, quitters never win". Root: *plat* (from French *plat*, meaning "flat"), Suffix: *-itude* (forming nouns indicating a state or condition)

Question 100

# Define: pliant | (**ply**-unt)

Answer 100

adj. easy to change or bend adj. easy to convince ## Footnote The professor needed a particularly _pliant_ mind for his brainwashing experiments. Root: *pli* (from Latin *plicare*, meaning "to fold"), Suffix: *-ant* (forming adjectives)

Question 101

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. courageous ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "i"*

Answer 101

intrepid ## Footnote synonyms: brave, heroic, fearless, dauntless, adventurous The _intrepid_ explorer ventured into the uncharted jungle without hesitation.

Question 102

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The desire to learn is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to human nature. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'i'.*

Answer 102

intrinsic ## Footnote adj. related to an object's essence

Question 103

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to become accustomed to something negative or unpleasant ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "i"*

Answer 103

inure ## Footnote synonyms: desensitize, familiarize, habituate, harden, acclimate, condition After years of working in harsh conditions, he became _inured_ to the long hours and difficult tasks.

Question 104

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The politician's speech was filled with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ against his opponents. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'i'.*

Answer 104

invective ## Footnote adj. verbally abusive n. abusive or stern language

Question 105

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. unable to be revoked; permanent ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "i"*

Answer 105

irrevocable ## Footnote synonyms: unchangeable, unalterable, final, binding, immutable The decision to sell the house was _irrevocable_ once the contract was signed.

Question 106

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ personality always lightened the mood at gatherings. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'j'.*

Answer 106

jocular ## Footnote adj. related to jokes

Question 107

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. the central part of a situation or seed ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "k"*

Answer 107

kernel ## Footnote synonyms: core, crux, essence, nucleus, heart At the _kernel_ of the argument was a misunderstanding about expectations.

Question 108

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The movie's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ plot left the audience disappointed. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'l'.*

Answer 108

lackluster ## Footnote adj. not lively; not bright

Question 109

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. stubborn; difficult to treat or handle ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "r"*

Answer 109

refractory ## Footnote synonyms: resistant, immune, unresponsive, obstinate, headstrong, intractable The _refractory_ patient refused to follow the doctor’s advice.

Question 110

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The new manager \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the office, ensuring that everyone followed the rules to the letter. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'r'.*

Answer 110

regiment ## Footnote n. a military unit of troops v. to enforce a strict order or conformity

Question 111

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to protest ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "r"*

Answer 111

remonstrate ## Footnote synonyms: argue, challenge, complain, dispute, object The workers _remonstrated_ against the unfair treatment by organizing a strike.

Question 112

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. He was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ handsomely for the extra hours he worked on the project. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'r'.*

Answer 112

remunerate ## Footnote v. to compensate monetarily for trouble or work done

Question 113

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to take forcibly, result in, or cause to become v. to do something for someone else ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "r"*

Answer 113

render ## Footnote synonyms: cause, become, execute; carry out, accomplish, provide, deliver, perform The accident _rendered_ him unable to continue his athletic career. She _rendered_ assistance to the elderly man struggling with his groceries.

Question 114

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. After a long day of work, he sought \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the quiet of his garden. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'r'.*

Answer 114

repose ## Footnote n. peacefulness n. rest

Question 115

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to renounce ownership or disown v. to refuse to recognize v. to reject as true ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "r"*

Answer 115

repudiate ## Footnote synonyms: reject, decline, disown, renounce, deny, abandon He _repudiated_ his involvement in the scandal. The government _repudiated_ the treaty after discovering the violation. She _repudiated_ the claims made against her in court.

Question 116

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. He was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to share his opinions during the meeting. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'r'.*

Answer 116

reticent ## Footnote adj. not wanting to talk; reluctant

Question 117

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. shy; quiet ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "r"*

Answer 117

retiring ## Footnote synonyms: bashful, unassuming, reserved, modest, introverted Despite his _retiring_ demeanor, he was well-liked by his colleagues.

Question 118

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The community \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ its elders for their wisdom and experience. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'r'.*

Answer 118

revere ## Footnote v. to admire greatly; to honor

Question 119

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. a cliché, dull, or unenlightening saying ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "p"*

Answer 119

platitude ## Footnote synonyms: banality, cliché, triteness, overused expression, commonplace Her speech was full of empty _platitudes_ that added nothing new to the discussion.

Question 120

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. He was so \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that he often went along with whatever his friends suggested. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'p'.*

Answer 120

pliant ## Footnote adj. easy to change or bend adj. easy to convince

Question 121

# Define: poignant | (**poin**-yunt)

Answer 121

adj. so emotionally intense as to be painful ## Footnote Watching her daughter wake up was particularly _poignant_ for her mother who had worried by her bedside the whole night. Root: *poign* (from Latin *pungere*, meaning "to prick" or "to pierce")

Question 122

# Define: polar | (**poe**-lur)

Answer 122

adj. related to opposite extremes or sides ## Footnote The two were so different their personalities could be considered _polar_ opposites. Root: *pol* (from Greek *polos*, meaning "axis" or "pivot")

Question 123

# Define: polemic | (puh-**lem**-ik)

Answer 123

adj. controversial n. a controversial argument ## Footnote As soon as the graduate student obtained her doctorate, she published a _polemic_ refutation of her mentor's work. Root: *polem* (from Greek *polemos*, meaning "war" or "struggle")

Question 124

# Define: ponderous | (**pon**-dur-us)

Answer 124

adj. difficult to handle due to heaviness adj. requiring a lot of work ## Footnote The _ponderous_ task was completed in no time, thanks to the large number of volunteers we had. Root: *ponder* (from Latin *pondus*, meaning "weight"); Suffix: *-ous* (forming adjectives, meaning "full of")

Question 125

# Define: portend | (pore-**tend**)

Answer 125

v. to foretell ## Footnote The witch claimed that the stormy weather _portended_ the ruler's downfall. Prefix: *por-* (variant of *pro-*, meaning "forward"); Root: *tend* (from Latin *tendere*, meaning "to stretch")

Question 126

# Define: posit | (**poz-**it)

Answer 126

v. to assume as fact ## Footnote Some physicists _posit_ that the universe will expand forever. Root: *posit* (from Latin *ponere*, meaning "to place" or "to put")

Question 127

# Define: postulate | (**poss**-chuh-lehyt)

Answer 127

v. to assume a basic truth ## Footnote Economic theory _postulates_ limits on essential resources as the basis of human behavior. Root: *postul* (from Latin *postulare*, meaning "to demand"); Suffix: *-ate* (forming verbs, meaning "to make" or "to act")

Question 128

# Define: bolster | (**bole**-stur)

Answer 128

v. to support ## Footnote The candidate's campaign was _bolstered_ by endorsements by several former military leaders. Root: *bolster* (from Old English *bolster*, meaning "a long, thick pillow")

Question 129

# Define: bombastic | (bom-**bass**-tick)

Answer 129

adj. inflated, arrogant ## Footnote The _bombastic_ way in which the author described his new novel repulsed me. Root: *bombast* (from Middle French *bombace*, meaning "cotton padding"); Suffix: *-ic* (forming adjectives, meaning "pertaining to")

Question 130

# Define: brood | (**brewd**)

Answer 130

n. a group of offspring v. to worry over ## Footnote The hen protected her new _brood_ from the farmer's inspection. Root: *brood* (from Old English *brōd*, meaning "offspring")

Question 131

# Define: burgeon | (**burr**-djun)

Answer 131

v. to grow ## Footnote The _burgeoning_ mass of bees was heading straight for the picnic. Root: *burgeon* (from Old French *borjoner*, meaning "to bud")

Question 132

# Define: exacting | (ig-**zak**-ting)

Answer 132

adj. making severe demands or requirements adj. requiring great care ## Footnote The _exacting_ professor wanted a 15-page paper due the next day in class. Prefix: *ex-* (meaning "out"); Root: *act* (from Latin *agere*, meaning "to do"); Suffix: *-ing* (forming adjectives, indicating an action or result)

Question 133

# Define: rebuke | (rih-**byook**)

Answer 133

v. to reprimand, to scold sharply ## Footnote The child was _rebuked_ for stealing candy. Prefix: *re-* (meaning "again" or "back"); Root: *buke* (from Old French *buker*, meaning "to strike")

Question 134

# Define: dulcet | (**duhl**-sit)

Answer 134

adj. pleasant sounding or looking ## Footnote The _dulcet_ tone of the musical parody contrasted sharply with its offensive lyrics. Root: *dulc* (from Latin *dulcis*, meaning "sweet")

Question 135

# Define: toady | (**toh**-dee)

Answer 135

n. a flatterer, a yes man ## Footnote The president was surrounded by _toadies_ rather than people with honest criticisms. Root: *toad* (from Middle English *tode*, meaning "toad"); Suffix: *-y* (forming nouns, indicating a characteristic)

Question 136

# Define: gall | (**gawl**)

Answer 136

n. audacity, impudence ## Footnote He had the _gall_ to request a raise after it was discovered that he was calling in sick in order to play golf. Root: *gall* (from Old English *gealla*, meaning "bile")

Question 137

# Define: cloying | (**kloi**-ing)

Answer 137

adj. unpleasant due to excess; sickeningly sweet or sentimental ## Footnote Unfortunately, _cloying_ romantic comedies are sure box-office hits, and so Hollywood continues to churn them out. Root: *cloy* (from Middle English *cloyen*, meaning "to hinder"); Suffix: *-ing* (forming adjectives, indicating an action or result)

Question 138

# Define: sully | (**suhl**-ee)

Answer 138

v. to stain or tarnish the purity of ## Footnote Joe's reputation as an ethical CEO was _sullied_ by his selfish actions during his company's merger. Root: *sul* (from Old French *souillier*, meaning "to soil"); Suffix: *-y* (forming verbs, indicating an action)

Question 139

# Define: defile | (dih-**fahyl**)

Answer 139

v. to dirty, spoil, or dishonor v. to violate the chastity of ## Footnote The holy site was unwittingly _defiled_ when the invaders, for whom it held no special meaning, used it as a stable. Prefix: *de-* (meaning "down" or "away"); Root: *file* (from Old French *fil*, meaning "thread")

Question 140

# Define: pithy | (**pith**-ee)

Answer 140

adj. concise and relevant ## Footnote Satya's _pithy_ keynote speech was more enlightening than the endless lectures that had preceded it. Root: *pith* (from Old English *piþa*, meaning "essential part"); Suffix: *-y* (forming adjectives, indicating a characteristic)

Question 141

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. so emotionally intense as to be painful ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "p"*

Answer 141

poignant ## Footnote synonyms: agonizing, bitter; sharp, keen, touching, moving, heartrending The movie’s _poignant_ ending left many in the audience in tears.

Question 142

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Their political views were \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, making compromise difficult. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'p'.*

Answer 142

polar ## Footnote adj. related to opposite extremes or sides

Question 143

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. controversial n. a controversial argument ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "p"*

Answer 143

polemic ## Footnote synonyms: refutation, dispute, debate, controversy, argument The author's _polemic_ essay sparked a heated debate. He engaged in a _polemic_ with the journalist over the ethics of the new policy.

Question 144

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ box required two people to move it. The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ task of organizing the event took several weeks. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'p'.*

Answer 144

ponderous ## Footnote adj. difficult to handle due to heaviness; or adj. requiring a lot of work

Question 145

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to foretell ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "p"*

Answer 145

portend ## Footnote synonyms: foreshadow, harbinger, signal, indicate, presage Dark clouds _portend_ an approaching storm.

Question 146

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The scientist \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ a theory based on the available evidence. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'p'.*

Answer 146

posit ## Footnote v. to assume as fact

Question 147

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to assume a basic truth ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "p"*

Answer 147

postulate ## Footnote synonyms: assert, premise, suppose, hypothesize, posit, claim The philosopher _postulated_ that human beings are inherently good.

Question 148

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The new evidence helped \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ his argument in court. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'b'.*

Answer 148

bolster ## Footnote v. to support

Question 149

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. inflated, arrogant ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "b"*

Answer 149

bombastic ## Footnote synonyms: grandiose, egotistical, pompous, verbose, pretentious His _bombastic_ speech was filled with grandiose claims that lacked substance.

Question 150

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The mother hen carefully watched over her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of chicks. He sat by the window, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ over his recent failures. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'b'.*

Answer 150

brood ## Footnote n. a group of offspring v. to worry over

Question 151

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to grow ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "b"*

Answer 151

burgeon ## Footnote synonyms: blossom, grow, expand, flourish, thrive, multiply Her business began to _burgeon_ after she introduced a new product line.

Question 152

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ standards made it difficult to meet her expectations. The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ task of restoring the antique painting required precision. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 152

exacting ## Footnote adj. making severe demands or requirements adj. requiring great care

Question 153

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to reprimand, to scold sharply ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "r"*

Answer 153

rebuke ## Footnote synonyms: berate, blame, condemn, scold, reprimand, admonish The teacher _rebuked_ the student for not completing his homework on time.

Question 154

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tones of the violin soothed everyone in the room. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'd'.*

Answer 154

dulcet ## Footnote adj. pleasant sounding or looking

Question 155

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. a flatterer, a yes man ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "t"*

Answer 155

toady ## Footnote synonyms: doter, brownnoser, sycophant, flatterer, fawning He surrounded himself with _toadies_ who never questioned his decisions.

Question 156

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. It took a lot of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for him to make such bold demands after his recent mistakes. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'g'.*

Answer 156

gall ## Footnote n. audacity, impudence

Question 157

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. unpleasant due to excess; sickeningly sweet or sentimental ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "c"*

Answer 157

cloying ## Footnote synonyms: cheesy, overly sentimental, sappy, sickly, sweet, excessive The movie’s _cloying_ romance scenes made it difficult to take the story seriously.

Question 158

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The scandal \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ his once pristine reputation. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 's'.*

Answer 158

sully ## Footnote v. to stain or tarnish the purity of

Question 159

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to dirty, spoil, dishonor v. to violate the chastity of ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "d"*

Answer 159

defile ## Footnote synonyms: befoul, besmirch, corrupt, desecrate, degrade The vandals _defiled_ the historic monument with graffiti. The ancient tale spoke of a king who sought to _defile_ the queen, only to be punished by the gods.

Question 160

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ remarks during the meeting were both insightful and brief. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'p'.*

Answer 160

pithy ## Footnote adj. concise and relevant

Question 161

# Define: slovenly | (**sluhv**-uhn-lee)

Answer 161

adj. untidy, disheveled; unclean in appearance or habits ## Footnote The other dinner guests held the _slovenly_ drunkard in contempt. Root: *sloven* (from Middle English *slovein*, meaning "careless person")

Question 162

# Define: onerous | (**oh**-ner-uhs)

Answer 162

adj. causing hardship; burdensome, troublesome ## Footnote The students relished making the teacher's job as _onerous_ as possible. Root: *oner* (from Latin *onus*, meaning "burden")

Question 163

# Define: scourge | (**skurdj**)

Answer 163

n. a plague or cause of affliction n. something that causes suffering ## Footnote The _scourge_ of drugs in American society will be its downfall. Root: *scourge* (from Latin *corrigia*, meaning "thong, whip")

Question 164

# Define: candor | (**kan**-der)

Answer 164

n. the quality of being frank, sincere, or impartial in expression ## Footnote Giorgio was known for his _candor_, so it surprised no one when he began to talk at length about his love life. Root: *cand* (from Latin *candere*, meaning "to shine, to be white")

Question 165

# Define: boor | (**boor**)

Answer 165

n. a crude, unmannered, or rude person ## Footnote The _boor_ upset everyone at the fancy restaurant. Root: *boor* (from Dutch *boer*, meaning "farmer")

Question 166

# Define: moribund | (**mawr**-uh-buhnd)

Answer 166

adj. dying, decaying, on the brink of extinction ## Footnote The _moribund_ customs of the indigenous culture are only practiced in a few outlying areas. Root: *mori* (from Latin *mori*, meaning "to die")

Question 167

# Define: pine | (**pahyn**)

Answer 167

v. to suffer from extreme desire or painful longing; to yearn deeply v. to waste away with grief ## Footnote The sailor's wife _pined_ for him all through the long, harsh winter. Root: *pine* (from Old English *pinian*, meaning "to cause to suffer")

Question 168

# Define: siren | (**sahy**-ruhn)

Answer 168

n. a beautiful, seductive, or charming woman ## Footnote The young men of the neighborhood are smitten with the _siren_ who moved in last week. Root: *siren* (from Greek *Seirēn*, a mythological creature)

Question 169

# Define: cache | (**kash**)

Answer 169

n. a hidden place, a secret storage n. a place for valuables ## Footnote The bomb shelter had a _cache_ of resources capable of supporting the family. Root: *cache* (from French *cacher*, meaning "to hide")

Question 170

# Define: lionize | (**lahy**-uh-nahyz)

Answer 170

v. to treat a person as a celebrity ## Footnote When the musical sensation returned to her hometown, she was _lionized_ by everyone she knew. Suffix: *-ize* (a verb-forming suffix meaning "to make or to treat as")

Question 171

# Define: skulk | (**skuhlk**)

Answer 171

v. to lie in wait; to hide with evil intent ## Footnote The fugitive was spotted _skulking_ about the docks just past midnight. Root: *skulk* (from Old Norse *skulke*, meaning "to lurk")

Question 172

# Define: emendation | (ee-muhn-**dey**-shuhn)

Answer 172

n. a correction or revision in a text ## Footnote Once the _emendations_ have been made, the pamphlet can be sent to the printer. Root: *mend* (from Latin *emendare*, meaning "to correct")

Question 173

# Define: euphony | (**yoo**-fuh-nee)

Answer 173

n. a pleasant, harmonious sound ## Footnote The _euphony_ of the Italian language is unparalleled. Prefix: *eu-* (from Greek, meaning "good, well"); Root: *phon* (from Greek *phone*, meaning "sound")

Question 174

# Define: terse | (**turs**)

Answer 174

adj. succinct, curt ## Footnote Your _terse_ apology does not even begin to give an adequate explanation for your behavior. Root: *ters* (from Latin *tersus*, meaning "wiped off, clean")

Question 175

# Define: trite | (**trahyt**)

Answer 175

adj. uninteresting due to overuse; hackneyed ## Footnote Though some may find Valentine's Day chocolates _trite_, I look forward to every box I get. Root: *trit* (from Latin *tritus*, meaning "worn, rubbed")

Question 176

# Define: malefactor | (**mal**-uh-fak-ter)

Answer 176

n. evildoer, culprit, a violator of the law ## Footnote The Nuremberg trials brought the Nazi _malefactors_ to justice. Prefix: *male-* (from Latin *malus*, meaning "bad"); Root: *fact* (from Latin *facere*, meaning "to do")

Question 177

# Define: obtuse | (uhb-**toos**)

Answer 177

adj. stupid, dull adj. slow to perceive, feel, or respond ## Footnote The _obtuse_ response lacked a great deal of sophistication. Root: *tuse* (from Latin *obtusus*, meaning "blunt")

Question 178

# Define: ingratiate | (ing-**grey**-shee-eyt)

Answer 178

v. to work oneself into the favor of someone ## Footnote The intern _ingratiated_ himself to his superiors starting on the first day. Prefix: *in-* (meaning "into"); Root: *grati* (from Latin *gratia*, meaning "favor")

Question 179

# Define: travesty | (**trav**-uh-stee)

Answer 179

n. a perverse or ludicrous representation ## Footnote Thom's checkered tux was a _travesty_ of good taste. Root: *vest* (from Latin *vestire*, meaning "to clothe")

Question 180

# Define: philology | (fih-**lol**-uh-djee)

Answer 180

n. the study of linguistics and literature ## Footnote The students of _philology_ were hunched over their Spanish literature texts. Root: *phil* (from Greek *philos*, meaning "loving"); Root: *logy* (from Greek *logos*, meaning "word, reason")

Question 181

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. untidy, disheveled; unclean in appearance or habits ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "s"*

Answer 181

slovenly ## Footnote synonyms: dirty, careless, messy, unkempt, disorganized His _slovenly_ appearance made a poor impression during the job interview.

Question 182

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ task of filing taxes each year often leaves people feeling frustrated. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'o'.*

Answer 182

onerous ## Footnote adj. causing hardship; burdensome, troublesome

Question 183

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. a plague or cause of affliction ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "s"*

Answer 183

scourge ## Footnote synonyms: torment, affliction, pestilence, curse, bane, blight The disease was a _scourge_ on the population, causing widespread suffering.

Question 184

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in addressing the issues at hand earned her the respect of her colleagues. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'c'.*

Answer 184

candor ## Footnote n. the quality of being frank, sincere, or impartial in expression

Question 185

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. a crude, unmannered, or rude person ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "b"*

Answer 185

boor ## Footnote synonyms: goon, oaf, barbarian, lout, clod, ruffian The _boor_ at the party offended everyone with his rude jokes and behavior.

Question 186

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The once-thriving industry is now \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, with very few companies still operating. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'm'.*

Answer 186

moribund ## Footnote adj. dying, decaying, on the brink of extinction

Question 187

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to suffer from extreme desire or painful longing v. to waste away with grief ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "p"*

Answer 187

pine ## Footnote synonyms: dream, hanker, lust, long, yearn, ache He spent months _pining_ for his lost love. She _pined_ away after the death of her beloved pet.

Question 188

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The actress played the role of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, luring men to their doom with her beauty. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 's'.*

Answer 188

siren ## Footnote n. a beautiful, seductive, and charming woman

Question 189

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. a hidden place, a secret storage n. a place for valuables ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "c"*

Answer 189

cache ## Footnote synonyms: secret storage place, hoard, stash, reserve They found a _cache_ of old coins hidden in the attic.

Question 190

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The young athlete was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by the media after his impressive victory. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'l'.*

Answer 190

lionize ## Footnote v. to treat a person as a celebrity

Question 191

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to lie, to sneak into hiding, with evil intent ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "s"*

Answer 191

skulk ## Footnote synonyms: tiptoe, sneak, slither, creep, lurk, hide, prowl He _skulked_ in the shadows, waiting for the right moment to strike.

Question 192

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ made to the manuscript improved its clarity. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 192

emendation ## Footnote n. a correction or revisions in a text

Question 193

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. a pleasant, harmonious sound ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "e"*

Answer 193

euphony ## Footnote synonyms: melody, symphony, harmony, music, tune The _euphony_ of the orchestra’s performance captivated the audience.

Question 194

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. His \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ reply made it clear he was not interested in continuing the conversation. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 't'.*

Answer 194

terse ## Footnote adj. succinct, curt

Question 195

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. uninteresting due to overuse; hackneyed ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "t"*

Answer 195

trite ## Footnote synonyms: banal, common, stale, cliché, overused The movie’s _trite_ dialogue made it predictable and boring.

Question 196

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was finally caught after years of evading the authorities. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'm'.*

Answer 196

malefactor ## Footnote n. evildoer, culprit, a violator of the law

Question 197

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. stupid, dull adj. slow to perceive, feel, or respond ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "o"*

Answer 197

obtuse ## Footnote synonyms: dense, dumb, insensitive, ignorant, thick-headed, slow-witted He was so _obtuse_ that he didn’t realize he had offended her with his comment.

Question 198

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. She tried to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ herself with the boss by always complimenting his ideas. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'i'.*

Answer 198

ingratiate ## Footnote v. to work oneself into the favor of someone

Question 199

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. a perverse or ludicrous parody or exaggeration ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "t"*

Answer 199

travesty ## Footnote synonyms: caricature, burlesque, parody, satire, farce The film was a _travesty_ of the original story, distorting its meaning entirely.

Question 200

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Her passion for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ led her to study ancient texts and their languages. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'p'.*

Answer 200

philology ## Footnote n. the study of linguistics and literature