Advanced Vocab Words - Set 3

Question 1

Define:

burnish

(bur-nish)

Answer 1

v. to polish or make shine

n. a shiny appearance

The store owner’s son’s only job was to burnish the statues in the window every day.

Suffix: -ish (used to form verbs meaning ‘to make or cause to be’)

Question 2

Define:

buttress

(but-riss)

Answer 2

n. a supporting structure

v. to support or encourage

The parents decided to buttress the after-school programs that were in danger of ending by making donations.

Root: butt (from Old French boter, meaning “to strike or thrust”)

Question 3

Define:

equivocate

(i-kwiv-uh-keyt)

Answer 3

v. to make vague, unclear statements

The mayor equivocated when confronted about his use of public funds.

Prefix: equi- (from Latin aequi, meaning “equal”); Root: voc (from Latin vocare, meaning “to call”)

Question 4

Define:

paragon

(par-uh-gon)

Answer 4

n. a model of excellence

The man was a paragon of virtue who had never stolen so much as a loaf of bread in his life.

Prefix: para- (from Greek para, meaning “beside” or “beyond”); Root: gon (from Greek gonia, meaning “angle”)

Question 5

Define:

cacophony

(kuh-kof-uh-nee)

Answer 5

n. unpleasant, discordant sounds

The orchestra’s first attempt to play together was a cacophony of jarring notes.

Prefix: caco- (from Greek kakos, meaning “bad”); Root: phon (from Greek phone, meaning “sound”)

Question 6

Define:

mawkish

(maw-kish)

Answer 6

adj. overly sentimental to a sickening point

The group of graduating seniors was a mawkish sight, crying and taking hundreds of pictures.

Suffix: -ish (used to form adjectives, meaning “having the quality of”)

Question 7

Define:

cajole

(kuh-djohl)

Answer 7

v. to make someone do something with flattery or promises

Mother cajoled her into driving the other children to school, promising to make her favorite dinner.

Root: cajol (from French cajoler, meaning “to coax”)

Question 8

Define:

dogmatic

(dawg-matt-ik)

Answer 8

adj. rigidly fixed in opinion or expression in an arrogant manner

The dogmatic theorist refused to listen to any other possibilities.

Root: dogma (from Greek dogma, meaning “opinion” or “belief”); Suffix: -ic (forming adjectives, meaning “pertaining to”)

Question 9

Define:

calibrate

(kal-ih-brehyt)

Answer 9

v. to check or balance the scale of a measuring device with a standard scale

The new thermometer needed to be calibrated before it could be used.

Root: caliber (from Arabic qalib, meaning “mold” or “model”); Suffix: -ate (used to form verbs, meaning “to make”)

Question 10

Define:

perdition

(per-dish-uhn)

Answer 10

n. a state of final spiritual ruin, loss of soul, damnation

n. hell

Poor moral choices led Johnny down the road to perdition.

Prefix: per- (from Latin, meaning “through” or “thoroughly”); Root: dit (from Latin dare, meaning “to give”); Suffix: -ion (forming nouns, indicating an action or condition)

Question 11

Define:

beseech

(bih-seech)

Answer 11

v. to request urgently

The dying man beseeched his family to visit him.

Prefix: be- (used to form verbs having a sense of ‘thoroughly’ or ‘completely’)

Question 12

Define:

canny

(can-ee)

Answer 12

adj. careful; shrewd

John was a canny negotiator; no matter how bad his bargaining position, he would always come out on top.

Suffix: -y (used to form adjectives meaning ‘characterized by or inclined to’)

Question 13

Define:

seminal

(sem-uh-nl)

Answer 13

adj. original and influential

The seminal works of the artist developed into a new style of interpretation.

Root: semin (from Latin semen, meaning ‘seed’)

Question 14

Define:

cantankerous

(can-tang-kurr-us)

Answer 14

adj. difficult to handle; ill-tempered

The worst part about working in customer service was having to deal with irate, cantankerous callers.

Suffix: -ous (used to form adjectives meaning ‘full of’ or ‘having the qualities of’)

Question 15

Define:

semantic

(suh-man-tick)

Answer 15

adj. related to the meaning of words

Susan felt that the abortion debate had become too focused on semantic arguments.

Root: sem (from Greek sēma, meaning ‘sign’)

Question 16

Define:

serrate

(sare-ate)

Answer 16

adj. having toothed edges (“serrated” is an alternate form of the adj.)

Kate used the serrate edge of the knife to cut through the tough meat.

Root: serr (from Latin serra, meaning ‘saw’)

Question 17

Define:

sever

(sev-er)

Answer 17

v. to cut off

Unfortunately, to prevent the infection from spreading, the doctors had to sever the infected parts of the hand.

Root: sever (from Latin separare, meaning ‘to separate’)

Question 18

Define:

sinuous

(sin-you-us)

Answer 18

adj. twisting and winding

adj. not direct

The sinuous path through the mountains was probably the most dangerous route to take.

Root: sinu (from Latin sinus, meaning ‘curve’ or ‘fold’)

Question 19

Define:

solicitude

(suh-liss-ih-tood)

Answer 19

n. caring about others’ well being

Though she claims not to have any feelings for Julio, she showed a great deal of solicitude when she learned of his illness.

Root: solicit (from Latin sollicitus, meaning ‘anxious’ or ‘concerned’)

Question 20

Define:

solidarity

(sol-ih-dare-ih-tee)

Answer 20

n. a feeling of camaraderie with others due to shared goals

Several townspeople expressed solidarity with the union members by protesting with them.

Root: solid (from Latin solidus, meaning ‘whole’ or ‘undivided’); Suffix: -ity (used to form nouns indicating a state or condition)

Question 21

Which vocabulary word means the following?

v. to polish or make shine

n. a shiny appearance

Hint: starts with “b”

Answer 21

burnish

synonyms: polish, brighten, shine, buff, enhance

He spent hours burnishing the silverware until it gleamed.

The marble floors had a burnish that reflected the sunlight beautifully.

Question 22

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word.

The ancient cathedral was held up by massive stone ________.

Hint: The word starts with ‘b’.

Answer 22

buttress

n. a supporting structure

v. to support or encourage

Question 23

Which vocabulary word means the following?

v. to make vague, unclear statements

Hint: starts with “e”

Answer 23

equivocate

synonyms: evade, sidestep, hedge, prevaricate, obscure

When asked about his plans, he began to equivocate, avoiding a direct answer.

Question 24

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word.

She was considered a ________ of virtue and kindness by everyone who knew her.

Hint: The word starts with ‘p’.

Answer 24

paragon

n. a model of excellence

Question 25

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. unpleasant, discordant sounds ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "c"*

Answer 25

cacophony ## Footnote synonyms: noise, clamor, din, racket, uproar The _cacophony_ of traffic and construction made it impossible to concentrate.

Question 26

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The movie’s ________ love scenes were so exaggerated that they felt insincere. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'm'.*

Answer 26

mawkish ## Footnote adj. overly sentimental to a sickening point

Question 27

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to make someone do something with flattery or promises ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "c"*

Answer 27

cajole ## Footnote synonyms: coax, persuade, wheedle, sweet-talk, entice, manipulate He managed to _cajole_ his friend into lending him the car for the weekend.

Question 28

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Her ________ stance on the issue left no room for discussion or compromise. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'd'.*

Answer 28

dogmatic ## Footnote adj. rigidly fixed in opinion or expression in an arrogant manner

Question 29

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to check or balance the scale of a measuring device with a standard scale ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "c"*

Answer 29

calibrate ## Footnote synonyms: align, balance, fix, adjust, standardize, regulate Before starting the experiment, the scientist _calibrated_ the instruments to ensure accuracy.

Question 30

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The villain’s actions led him down a path of ________, doomed to eternal suffering. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'p'.*

Answer 30

perdition ## Footnote n. a state of final spiritual ruin, loss of soul, damnation n. hell

Question 31

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to request urgently ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "b"*

Answer 31

beseech ## Footnote synonyms: beg, appeal, plead, implore, urge, solicit The villagers _beseeched_ the king for help in their time of need.

Question 32

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Her ________ negotiation skills helped her secure a great deal on the contract. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'c'.*

Answer 32

canny ## Footnote adj. careful; shrewd

Question 33

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. original and influential ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "s"*

Answer 33

seminal ## Footnote synonyms: landmark, fundamental, fertile, groundbreaking, pioneering, innovative His _seminal_ work in physics changed the way scientists understood the universe.

Question 34

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The ________ old man yelled at anyone who crossed his lawn. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'c'.*

Answer 34

cantankerous ## Footnote adj. difficult to handle; ill-tempered

Question 35

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. related to the meaning of words ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "s"*

Answer 35

semantic ## Footnote synonyms: linguistic, verbal, meaning-related, lexical, interpretive The argument boiled down to a _semantic_ difference in how they interpreted the contract.

Question 36

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The ________ edge of the knife made it easier to cut through tough materials. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 's'.*

Answer 36

serrate ## Footnote adj. having toothed edges

Question 37

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to cut off ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "s"*

Answer 37

sever ## Footnote synonyms: carve, disconnect, break off, cut, split, detach The company had to _sever_ ties with the contractor after the project went over budget.

Question 38

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The ________ path through the mountains made for a challenging hike. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 's'.*

Answer 38

sinuous ## Footnote adj. twisting and winding adj. not direct

Question 39

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. caring about others' well being ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "s"*

Answer 39

solicitude ## Footnote synonyms: consideration, watchfulness, care, concern, attentiveness Her _solicitude_ for her elderly neighbors was evident in the way she checked on them daily.

Question 40

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The workers showed ________ during the strike, united in their demands for better conditions. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 's'.*

Answer 40

solidarity ## Footnote n. a feeling of camaraderie with others due to shared goals

Question 41

# Define: soluble | (**sol**-yuh-bull)

Answer 41

adj. capable of being dissolved in a liquid adj. capable of being solved ## Footnote Certain medicines are _soluble_ in water so they can be taken with ease. Root: *solv* (from Latin *solvere*, meaning "to loosen" or "to dissolve"); Suffix: *-able* (indicating capability or suitability)

Question 42

# Define: solvent | (**sol**-vunt)

Answer 42

adj. able to meet financial obligations n. a substance that can dissolve other substances ## Footnote To remain _solvent_, the business was forced to sell its overseas operations. Root: *solv* (from Latin *solvere*, meaning "to loosen" or "to dissolve"); Suffix: *-ent* (indicating an agent or something performing an action)

Question 43

# Define: soporific | (sop-uh-**riff**-ik)

Answer 43

adj. able to cause sleepiness n. a substance that causes sleepiness ## Footnote Bill's new cold medication has _soporific_ side effects that interfere with his ability to drive. Root: *sopor* (from Latin *sopor*, meaning "deep sleep"); Suffix: *-ific* (from Latin *-ficus*, meaning "making" or "causing")

Question 44

# Define: emulate | (**em**-yuh-lehyt)

Answer 44

v. to try to imitate or exceed another's actions ## Footnote Nancy wanted to _emulate_ her older sister and so began to study more often. Root: *emul* (from Latin *aemulus*, meaning "rivaling" or "imitating"); Suffix: *-ate* (used to form verbs)

Question 45

# Define: enamor | (ih-**nam**-er)

Answer 45

v. to make infatuated; to cause to love ## Footnote He was so _enamored_ of her that he thought about her every day. Prefix: *en-* (from Latin *in-*, meaning "in" or "into"); Root: *amor* (from Latin *amor*, meaning "love")

Question 46

# Define: endemic | (in-**dem**-ik)

Answer 46

adj. originating in, native to, particular to ## Footnote There are some deadly diseases that are _endemic_ to the tropics. Prefix: *en-* (from Greek *en-*, meaning "in"); Root: *dem* (from Greek *demos*, meaning "people"); Suffix: *-ic* (forming adjectives)

Question 47

# Define: endow | (in-**dow**)

Answer 47

v. to give (esp. an inheritance or genetic trait) ## Footnote Christine's mother _endowed_ her with beautiful green eyes. Prefix: *en-* (from Old French *en-*, meaning "in" or "into"); Root: *dow* (from Old English *dōn*, meaning "to give")

Question 48

# Define: dour | (**doo**-er)

Answer 48

adj. harsh; gloomy, forbidding adj. stern, humorless ## Footnote The old headmaster never had anything but a _dour_ expression to offer. Root: *dour* (from Latin *durus*, meaning "hard" or "stern")

Question 49

# Define: enervate | (**in**-er-vehyt)

Answer 49

v. to make weaker ## Footnote The heat _enervated_ the soccer players' strength with each passing minute, and by halftime most were in no condition to continue playing. Prefix: *e-* (from Latin *ex-*, meaning "out of"); Root: *nerv* (from Latin *nervus*, meaning "sinew" or "nerve"); Suffix: *-ate* (used to form verbs)

Question 50

# Define: insouciant | (in-**soo**-see-uhnt)

Answer 50

adj. unconcerned, nonchalant, lighthearted ## Footnote Michael's _insouciant_ attitude towards schoolwork led to poor test grades. Prefix: *in-* (from Latin *in-*, meaning "not"); Root: *souci* (from French *souci*, meaning "care" or "worry"); Suffix: *-ant* (forming adjectives)

Question 51

# Define: evince | (ih-**vins**)

Answer 51

v. to clearly prove something, to indicate ## Footnote Her choice not to enter into an argument with him _evinced_ her maturity. Prefix: *e-* (from Latin *ex-*, meaning "out of"); Root: *vinc* (from Latin *vincere*, meaning "to conquer")

Question 52

# Define: enfranchise | (in-**fran**-chahyz)

Answer 52

v. to give rights of citizenship, esp. the right to vote ## Footnote When women were finally _enfranchised_, spontaneous celebrations occurred throughout the country. Prefix: *en-* (from Latin *in-*, meaning "in" or "into"); Root: *franchise* (from Old French *franc*, meaning "free")

Question 53

# Define: filigree | (**fil**-ih-gree)

Answer 53

n. an ornamental work, esp. delicate and lacelike v. to adorn ## Footnote The wine glass was _filigreed_ with a delicate pattern of grape vines. Root: *fil* (from Latin *filum*, meaning "thread"); Root: *grée* (from Italian *grano*, meaning "grain")

Question 54

# Define: engender | (in-**djen**-dur)

Answer 54

v. to cause, to lead to ## Footnote The poor ventilation in the factory _engendered_ health problems amongst the workers. Prefix: *en-* (from Latin *in-*, meaning "in" or "into"); Root: *gender* (from Latin *generare*, meaning "to produce")

Question 55

# Define: apocryphal | (uh-**pok**-ruh-fuhl)

Answer 55

adj. of dubious origin; of doubtful authenticity ## Footnote I believe all stories of alien abduction are _apocryphal_. Prefix: *apo-* (from Greek *apo-*, meaning "away" or "off"); Root: *cryph* (from Greek *kryptein*, meaning "to hide"); Suffix: *-al* (forming adjectives)

Question 56

# Define: enmity | (**en**-mih-tee)

Answer 56

n. strong mutual hatred ## Footnote Great _enmity_ has existed between the two tribes for centuries, leading to untold bloodshed. Root: *enm* (from Latin *inimicus*, meaning "enemy"); Suffix: *-ity* (forming nouns)

Question 57

# Define: aesthete | (es-**theet**)

Answer 57

n. one with artistic sensibilities ## Footnote The _aesthete_ was able to knowledgeably interpret the painting. Root: *aesth* (from Greek *aisthesis*, meaning "perception" or "sensation")

Question 58

# Define: estimable | (**es**-tuh-muh-buhl)

Answer 58

adj. formidable, worthy ## Footnote The team knew within the first few minutes that they faced an _estimable_ opponent. Root: *estim* (from Latin *aestimare*, meaning "to value" or "to assess"); Suffix: *-able* (indicating capability or suitability)

Question 59

# Define: revile | (ruh-**vahyl**)

Answer 59

v. to criticize with harsh or abusive language ## Footnote Film critics _reviled_ the studio for gutting the director's artistic vision and replacing it with meaningless action sequences. Prefix: *re-* (from Latin *re-*, meaning "again" or "back"); Root: *vile* (from Latin *vilis*, meaning "cheap" or "base")

Question 60

# Define: indefatigable | (in-duh-**fat**-ih-guh-buhl)

Answer 60

adj. incapable of becoming exhausted; tireless; dogged ## Footnote The marathon runner was seemingly _indefatigable_, keeping up his brisk pace while competitors fell behind one after the other. Prefix: *in-* (from Latin *in-*, meaning "not"); Root: *defatig* (from Latin *defatigare*, meaning "to tire out"); Suffix: *-able* (indicating capability or suitability)

Question 61

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. capable of being dissolved in a liquid adj. capable of being solved ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "s"*

Answer 61

soluble ## Footnote synonyms: dispersable, dissolvable; solvable, liquid, mixable, meltable The sugar is _soluble_ in water.

Question 62

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The company is ________ after restructuring. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 's'.*

Answer 62

solvent ## Footnote adj. able to meet financial obligations n. a substance that can dissolve other substances within itself

Question 63

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. able to cause sleepiness n. a substance that causes sleepiness ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "s"*

Answer 63

soporific ## Footnote synonyms: anesthetic, narcotic, sedative, sleep-inducing, tranquilizing, calming The lecture was _soporific_. The medication had a _soporific_ effect.

Question 64

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. She tries to ________ her mentor's success. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 64

emulate ## Footnote v. to try to imitate or exceed another's actions

Question 65

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to make infatuated; to cause to love ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "e"*

Answer 65

enamor ## Footnote synonyms: fascinate, captivate, infatuate, allure, enchant He was _enamored_ with her charm.

Question 66

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. This species is ________ to the island. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 66

endemic ## Footnote adj. originating in, native to, particular to

Question 67

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to give (esp. an inheritance or genetic trait) ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "e"*

Answer 67

endow ## Footnote synonyms: provide, impart, bestow, grant, furnish Her grandmother _endowed_ her with a trust fund.

Question 68

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. His ________ demeanor intimidated the staff. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'd'.*

Answer 68

dour ## Footnote adj. harsh; gloomy, forbidding adj. stern, humorless

Question 69

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to make weaker ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "e"*

Answer 69

enervate ## Footnote synonyms: tire, exhaust, debilitate, sap, weaken The heat _enervated_ the athletes.

Question 70

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Her ________ attitude was refreshing. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'i'.*

Answer 70

insouciant ## Footnote adj. unconcerned, nonchalant, lighthearted

Question 71

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to clearly prove something, to indicate ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "e"*

Answer 71

evince ## Footnote synonyms: declare, demonstrate, reveal, show, manifest He _evinced_ great interest in the project.

Question 72

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Women were ________ in the early 20th century. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 72

enfranchise ## Footnote v. to give rights of citizenship, esp. the right to vote

Question 73

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. an ornamental work, esp. delicate and lacelike v. to adorn ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "f"*

Answer 73

filigree ## Footnote synonyms: decoration, ornamentation; decorate, embellishment, lacework The jewelry was adorned with gold _filigree_. She _filigreed_ the edges of her project.

Question 74

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The policy ________ debate. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 74

engender ## Footnote v. to cause, to lead to

Question 75

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. of dubious origin; of doubtful authenticity ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "a"*

Answer 75

apocryphal ## Footnote synonyms: fictitious, doubtful, unverified, questionable, spurious The story of his victory seems _apocryphal_.

Question 76

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. There was clear ________ between the rivals. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 76

enmity ## Footnote n. strong mutual hatred

Question 77

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. one with artistic sensibilities ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "a"*

Answer 77

aesthete ## Footnote synonyms: artist, connoisseur, art lover, creative, visionary As an _aesthete_, she appreciated fine art.

Question 78

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Her ________ work earned her many accolades. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 78

estimable ## Footnote adj. formidable, worthy

Question 79

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to criticize with harsh or abusive language ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "r"*

Answer 79

revile ## Footnote synonyms: scold, criticize, abuse, denounce, vilify, berate The critics _reviled_ the film for its poor acting.

Question 80

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Her ________ energy amazed everyone. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'i'.*

Answer 80

indefatigable ## Footnote adj. incapable of becoming exhausted; tireless; dogged

Question 81

# Define: ensemble | (on-**som**-bul)

Answer 81

n. a whole group formed by separate parts ## Footnote The band was an _ensemble_ of classical violinists, guitarists, and a jazz pianist. Prefix: *en-* (from Latin *in*, meaning "in" or "into"), Root: *semble* (from Latin *simulare*, meaning "to make like" or "to imitate")

Question 82

# Define: effervescent | (eff-er-**vess**-uhnt)

Answer 82

adj. emitting small bubbles adj. lively, showing high spirits, vivacious ## Footnote Stacy's _effervescent_ mind captivated everyone she met. Prefix: *ef-* (variant of *ex-*, meaning "out"), Root: *ferv* (from Latin *fervēre*, meaning "to boil"), Suffix: *-escent* (indicating the process of becoming)

Question 83

# Define: enthrall | (in-**thrawl**)

Answer 83

v. to captivate v. to enslave ## Footnote The singer's voice _enthralled_ the judges, who immediately awarded her first place in the contest. Prefix: *en-* (from Latin *in*, meaning "in" or "into"), Root: *thrall* (from Old English *þræll*, meaning "slave" or "servant")

Question 84

# Define: entreat | (in-**treet**)

Answer 84

v. to plead ## Footnote The rejected boy _entreated_ the girl to give him a second chance. Prefix: *en-* (from Latin *in*, meaning "in" or "into"), Root: *treat* (from Latin *tractare*, meaning "to handle" or "to manage")

Question 85

# Define: extirpate | (**ek**-ster-peyt)

Answer 85

v. to destroy, annihilate totally v. to cut out by the roots ## Footnote Modern thinkers have proposed to _extirpate_ religion from all political discourse. Prefix: *ex-* (meaning "out" or "away"), Root: *stirp* (from Latin *stirps*, meaning "root" or "stock")

Question 86

# Define: enumerate | (ih-**new**-muh-rate)

Answer 86

v. to list items individually ## Footnote Shocked by her decision, I asked her to _enumerate_ her reasons for firing him. Prefix: *e-* (variant of *ex-*, meaning "out"), Root: *numer* (from Latin *numerus*, meaning "number"), Suffix: *-ate* (used to form verbs)

Question 87

# Define: internecine | (in-ter-**neh**-seen)

Answer 87

adj. mutually destructive adj. characterized by bloodshed and carnage adj. relating to intra-group struggle ## Footnote That country's _internecine_ struggle was only put to rest after many innocent people lost their lives. Prefix: *inter-* (meaning "between" or "among"), Root: *nec* (from Latin *necare*, meaning "to kill")

Question 88

# Define: ephemeral | (uh-**fem**-er-ul)

Answer 88

adj. lasting only a short while ## Footnote Our joy at being let out for the weekend was only _ephemeral_, for we soon realized that we had a lot of studying to do for Monday. Prefix: *ep-* (variant of *epi-*, meaning "upon" or "close to"), Root: *hemer* (from Greek *hēmera*, meaning "day")

Question 89

# Define: variegated | (**vair**-ee-uh-gehyt-id)

Answer 89

adj. multicolored adj. varied ## Footnote The _variegated_ leaves were a sure sign that autumn had arrived. Root: *vari* (from Latin *varius*, meaning "varied"), Suffix: *-egate* (related to the Latin *agere*, meaning "to do" or "to make")

Question 90

# Define: venerate | (**ven**-uh-rehyt)

Answer 90

v. to respect deeply and honor ## Footnote The children _venerated_ their grandfather and sought not to disappoint him. Root: *vener* (from Latin *venerari*, meaning "to worship"), Suffix: *-ate* (used to form verbs)

Question 91

# Define: veracity | (vur-**rass**-ih-tee)

Answer 91

n. truthfulness ## Footnote In order to have her article published, Susan needed to prove the _veracity_ of her claims. Root: *ver* (from Latin *verus*, meaning "true"), Suffix: *-acity* (indicating a quality or state)

Question 92

# Define: verbiage | (**ver**-bee-idge)

Answer 92

n. an overabundance of words n. one's manner of speaking ## Footnote The elderly speaker's _verbiage_ tended toward the formal. Root: *verb* (from Latin *verbum*, meaning "word"), Suffix: *-age* (indicating an action or process)

Question 93

# Define: vestige | (**ves**-tidge)

Answer 93

n. a small remnant ## Footnote That abandoned well is a _vestige_ of the manor that once stood here. Root: *vestig* (from Latin *vestigium*, meaning "footprint" or "trace")

Question 94

# Define: vex | (**vex**)

Answer 94

v. to annoy or bother v. to confound v. to talk about extensively ## Footnote It was when they were allowed to horse around the house that the children _vexed_ her the most. Root: *vex* (from Latin *vexare*, meaning "to shake" or "to annoy")

Question 95

# Define: vigilant | (**vidge**-ih-lunt)

Answer 95

adj. watchful ## Footnote Our new dog is very _vigilant_ when it comes to guarding the house. Root: *vigil* (from Latin *vigil*, meaning "awake" or "watchful"), Suffix: *-ant* (indicating an agent or something performing an action)

Question 96

# Define: vigor | (**vig**-er)

Answer 96

n. energy, vitality n. strength; forcefulness ## Footnote After she broke her hip dancing, Kate realized that she had lost the youthful _vigor_ she once had. Root: *vigor* (from Latin *vigere*, meaning "to be lively" or "to thrive")

Question 97

# Define: virtuoso | (vur-chew-**owe**-so)

Answer 97

n. a highly-skilled artist ## Footnote Even at a young age, it was clear that Beethoven was a _virtuoso_ in the making. Root: *virt* (from Latin *virtus*, meaning "excellence" or "virtue"), Suffix: *-oso* (used in Italian to denote a person with a particular skill)

Question 98

# Define: viscous | (**viss**-kuss)

Answer 98

adj. thick and syrup-like ## Footnote They slathered a _viscous_ glue over the pieces to make sure they would stick. Root: *visc* (from Latin *viscum*, meaning "birdlime" or "sticky substance"), Suffix: *-ous* (indicating possessing or full of)

Question 99

# Define: vituperate | (vahy-**too**-puh-rehyt)

Answer 99

v. to scold ## Footnote The old man _vituperated_ the neighborhood boys who were trespassing on his lawn. Root: *vituper* (from Latin *vituperare*, meaning "to blame" or "to scold"), Suffix: *-ate* (used to form verbs)

Question 100

# Define: vivacious | (vih-**vey**-shuss)

Answer 100

adj. energetic; full of life ## Footnote At ninety years old, Melinda was known for being particularly _vivacious_ for her age. Root: *viv* (from Latin *vivere*, meaning "to live"), Suffix: *-acious* (indicating a tendency or inclination)

Question 101

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. a whole group formed by separate parts ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "e"*

Answer 101

ensemble ## Footnote synonyms: band, collection, organization, group, assembly, team The _ensemble_ performed flawlessly, each musician contributing to the harmonious piece.

Question 102

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Her ________ personality lit up the room. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 102

effervescent ## Footnote adj. emitting small bubbles adj. lively, showing high spirits, vivacious

Question 103

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to captivate v. to enslave ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 103

enthrall ## Footnote synonyms: absorb, enrapture, beckon, beguile, charm, fascinate, grip The magician's tricks _enthralled_ the audience.

Question 104

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. She ________ him to stay for the evening. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 104

entreat ## Footnote v. to plead

Question 105

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to destroy, annihilate totally v. to cut out by the roots ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "e"*

Answer 105

extirpate ## Footnote synonyms: destroy, annihilate; remove, uproot, eradicate, eliminate, abolish They worked to _extirpate_ the invasive species.

Question 106

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. She ________ the reasons for her decision. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 106

enumerate ## Footnote v. to list items one by one

Question 107

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. mutually destructive adj. characterized by bloodshed and carnage adj. relating to intra-group struggle ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "i"*

Answer 107

internecine ## Footnote synonyms: civil, fratricidal, deadly, bloody, catastrophic, self-destructive, destructive The _internecine_ conflict devastated the entire region.

Question 108

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The sunset’s beauty was ________ but unforgettable. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 108

ephemeral ## Footnote adj. lasting a very short time

Question 109

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. appearing to have different colors adj. varied ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "v"*

Answer 109

variegated ## Footnote synonyms: diverse, kaleidoscopic, multicolored, assorted, mixed The artist used a _variegated_ palette for the mural.

Question 110

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. They ________ their elders with great ceremony. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'v'.*

Answer 110

venerate ## Footnote v. to respect deeply and honor

Question 111

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. truthfulness ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "v"*

Answer 111

veracity ## Footnote synonyms: certainty, truth, fact, accuracy, honesty, integrity His _veracity_ was never in question.

Question 112

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The report was filled with unnecessary ________. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'v'.*

Answer 112

verbiage ## Footnote n. an overabundance of words n. one's manner of speaking

Question 113

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. a small remnant ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "v"*

Answer 113

vestige ## Footnote synonyms: remainder, hint, trace, fragment, relic Only a _vestige_ of the ancient building remained.

Question 114

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. His constant questions began to ________ her. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'v'.*

Answer 114

vex ## Footnote v. to annoy or bother v. to confound v. to talk about extensively

Question 115

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. watchful ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "v"*

Answer 115

vigilant ## Footnote synonyms: attentive, aware, on the lookout, alert, observant, cautious The security guard remained _vigilant_ throughout the night.

Question 116

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. She tackled the project with great ________. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'v'.*

Answer 116

vigor ## Footnote n. energy, vitality n. strength; forcefulness

Question 117

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. a highly-skilled artist ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "v"*

Answer 117

virtuoso ## Footnote synonyms: ace, artist, professional, maestro, genius, expert The pianist was a _virtuoso_, admired worldwide.

Question 118

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The ________ honey slowly dripped from the spoon. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'v'.*

Answer 118

viscous ## Footnote adj. thick and syrup-like

Question 119

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to scold ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "v"*

Answer 119

vituperate ## Footnote synonyms: abuse, berate, yell at, criticize, reprimand, condemn The coach began to _vituperate_ the team for their poor performance.

Question 120

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Her ________ spirit made her the life of the party. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'v'.*

Answer 120

vivacious ## Footnote adj. energetic; full of life

Question 121

# Define: meticulous | (muh-**tick**-yuh-luss)

Answer 121

adj. paying great attention to detail ## Footnote He was a _meticulous_ sculptor, sometimes spending hours perfecting a single fingernail on one of his figures. Root: *metus* (from Latin, meaning "fear" or "anxiety")

Question 122

# Define: mimicry | (**mim**-ih-kree)

Answer 122

n. a close imitation of something else ## Footnote _Mimicry_ is common in the animal kingdom, such as when harmless species assume the aspect of poisonous ones to avoid being eaten. Root: *mim* (from Greek *mimos*, meaning "imitator" or "actor")

Question 123

# Define: minuet | (min-you-**et**)

Answer 123

n. a slow, stately, pattern dance in 3/4 time n. the music to accompany the dance of the same name ## Footnote A _minuet_ is always danced with three beats per measure. Root: *minu* (from Latin *minutus*, meaning "small" or "minute")

Question 124

# Define: minute | (my-**newt**)

Answer 124

adj. tiny adj. attentive to the smallest details ## Footnote The chances of such a slow horse actually winning the race are _minute_. Root: *minu* (from Latin *minutus*, meaning "small" or "minute")

Question 125

# Define: mirth | (**murth**)

Answer 125

n. glee; joy ## Footnote The house was always full of happy laughter and other signs of _mirth_. Root: *mirth* (from Old English *myrgth*, meaning "joy" or "pleasure")

Question 126

# Define: dissipated | (dis-uh-**pey**-tid)

Answer 126

adj. indulging in excessive devotion to pleasure; debauched, dissolute; wasted, squandered; to cause to disappear, disperse ## Footnote His life quickly became _dissipated_ and unstructured after he won the lottery. Prefix: *dis-* (from Latin, meaning "apart" or "away"), Root: *sip* (from Latin *supare*, meaning "to throw")

Question 127

# Define: misanthrope | (**miss**-un-throwp)

Answer 127

n. hater of humanity ## Footnote The old man was a notorious _misanthrope_ who loathed even his own children. Prefix: *mis-* (from Greek, meaning "hate"), Root: *anthrop* (from Greek *anthropos*, meaning "human")

Question 128

# Define: invidious | (in-**vid**-ee-uhs)

Answer 128

adj. offensive, provoking resentment or ill-will ## Footnote The teacher's _invidious_ practice of playing favorites led to several parent conferences. Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning "in" or "on"), Root: *vid* (from Latin *videre*, meaning "to see")

Question 129

# Define: misconstrue | (miss-kun-**strew**)

Answer 129

v. to misunderstand ## Footnote Eva has a habit of _misconstruing_ compliments, reading amorous designs into the most innocent remarks. Prefix: *mis-* (from Old English, meaning "wrong" or "badly"), Root: *stru* (from Latin *struere*, meaning "to build" or "to arrange")

Question 130

# Define: remit | (rih-**mit**)

Answer 130

v. to transmit payment v. to refrain from exacting v. to pardon v. to desist, postpone or give up ## Footnote The transaction was completed after the buyer _remitted_ the money. Prefix: *re-* (from Latin, meaning "back" or "again"), Root: *mit* (from Latin *mittere*, meaning "to send")

Question 131

# Define: mitigate | (**mit**-ih-gate)

Answer 131

v. to make smaller or less problematic ## Footnote The hurricane's effect was _mitigated_ by the quick response from the national guard. Root: *miti* (from Latin *mitis*, meaning "soft" or "gentle"), Suffix: *-gate* (from Latin *agere*, meaning "to drive" or "to lead")

Question 132

# Define: opprobrium | (uh-**proh**-bree-uhm)

Answer 132

n. the disgrace felt by someone who has acted in an outrageously shameful manner ## Footnote Oedipus Rex experienced great _opprobrium_ after learning the true extent of his crimes. Root: *opprobri* (from Latin *opprobrum*, meaning "disgrace" or "reproach")

Question 133

# Define: mollify | (**mohl**-ih-fahy)

Answer 133

v. to decrease the strength of, pacify, placate v. to make softer, less severe ## Footnote His rage was _mollified_ by his wife's soothing words. Root: *moll* (from Latin *mollis*, meaning "soft"), Suffix: *-fy* (from Latin *facere*, meaning "to make")

Question 134

# Define: momentum | (moh-**men**-tum)

Answer 134

n. strength built up by continued movement or development ## Footnote The protest gained _momentum_ as it passed through the city and gained new supporters. Root: *moment* (from Latin *momentum*, meaning "movement" or "motion")

Question 135

# Define: prodigious | (pruh-**didj**-us)

Answer 135

adj. having great power or size adj. extreme ## Footnote The building of the new dam is a _prodigious_ project requiring thousands of men and millions of dollars. Root: *prodigi* (from Latin *prodigium*, meaning "omen" or "portent"), Suffix: *-ous* (from Latin, meaning "full of")

Question 136

# Define: asperity | (uh-**sper**-ih-tee)

Answer 136

n. severity, rigor n. acrimony, irritability ## Footnote The _asperity_ of a northern winter can lead to depression. Root: *asper* (from Latin *asper*, meaning "rough" or "harsh"), Suffix: *-ity* (from Latin, indicating a state or condition)

Question 137

# Define: profligate | (**prof**-lih-git)

Answer 137

adj. immoral adj. recklessly extravagant ## Footnote She criticized her spoiled son for his _profligate_ lifestyle. Prefix: *pro-* (from Latin, meaning "forward" or "forth"), Root: *flig* (from Latin *fligere*, meaning "to strike")

Question 138

# Define profuse | (pruh-**fewss**)

Answer 138

adj. abundant adj. freely giving or spending ## Footnote Horrified by the consequences of her actions, Joyce offered _profuse_ apologies to her friends. Prefix: *pro-* (from Latin, meaning "forward" or "forth"), Root: *fus* (from Latin *fundere*, meaning "to pour")

Question 139

# Define: hapless | (**hap**-liss)

Answer 139

adj. unlucky, unfortunate, luckless ## Footnote The _hapless_, accident-prone child managed to break his leg for the third time. Root: *hap* (from Old Norse *happ*, meaning "luck" or "chance"), Suffix: *-less* (from Old English, meaning "without")

Question 140

# Define: prognostic | (prog-**noss**-tick)

Answer 140

n. a prediction adj. indicating future events ## Footnote Climate scientists presented a chilling _prognostic_ of what will happen to our planet in the near future. Prefix: *pro-* (from Greek, meaning "before"), Root: *gnostic* (from Greek *gnosis*, meaning "knowledge")

Question 141

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. paying great attention to detail ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "m"*

Answer 141

meticulous ## Footnote synonyms: perfectionist, painstaking, thorough, precise, careful She was _meticulous_ in her research, ensuring no errors were made.

Question 142

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The comedian’s ________ of celebrities had everyone laughing. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'm'.*

Answer 142

mimicry ## Footnote n. a close imitation of something else

Question 143

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. a slow, stately, pattern dance in 3/4 time n. the music to accompany the dance of the same name ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "m"*

Answer 143

minuet ## Footnote synonyms: dance, waltz; music, piece, suite, melody, rhythm They danced a graceful _minuet_ at the formal ball. The orchestra played a classical _minuet_ to set the mood.

Question 144

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Her ________ observations caught every flaw in the design. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'm'.*

Answer 144

minute ## Footnote adj. tiny adj. attentive to the smallest details

Question 145

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. glee; joy ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "m"*

Answer 145

mirth ## Footnote synonyms: cheer, amusement, happiness, delight, joyfulness The party was filled with _mirth_ and laughter.

Question 146

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. His ________ lifestyle left him broke and alone. ## Footnote Hint: The word starts with 'd'.

Answer 146

dissipated ## Footnote adj. devoted to the pursuit of pleasure; hedonistic

Question 147

# Which vocabulary word means the following? n. hater of humanity ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "m"*

Answer 147

misanthrope ## Footnote synonyms: cynic, curmudgeon, recluse, hermit, introvert The old _misanthrope_ avoided social interactions at all costs.

Question 148

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Her ________ comments stirred up anger among her colleagues. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'i'.*

Answer 148

invidious ## Footnote adj. offensive, provoke resentment or ill-will

Question 149

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to misunderstand ## Footnote Hint: starts with "m"

Answer 149

misconstrue ## Footnote synonyms: distort, mistake, misread, misinterpret, misconceive, confuse He _misconstrued_ her friendly gesture as romantic interest.

Question 150

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The court decided to ________ her sentence. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'r'.*

Answer 150

remit ## Footnote v. to transmit payment v. to refrain from exacting v. to pardon v. to desist, postpone or give up

Question 151

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to make smaller or less problematic ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "m"*

Answer 151

mitigate ## Footnote synonyms: diminish, lighten, alleviate, reduce, lessen The government tried to _mitigate_ the impact of the economic downturn.

Question 152

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The public ________ over his misconduct led to his resignation. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'o'.*

Answer 152

opprobrium ## Footnote n. the disgrace felt by someone who has acted in an outrageously shameful manner, contempt

Question 153

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to decrease the strength of v. to make softer ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "m"*

Answer 153

mollify ## Footnote synonyms: disarm, smooth over, soften, calm, appease, soothe She tried to _mollify_ his anger with a sincere apology. The doctor _mollified_ the patient’s concerns with comforting words.

Question 154

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The project gained ________ after the initial success. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'm'.*

Answer 154

momentum ## Footnote n. strength built up by continued movement or development

Question 155

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. having great power or size adj. extreme ## Footnote Hint: starts with "p"

Answer 155

prodigious ## Footnote synonyms: massive, colossal, monumental, extraordinary, enormous, immense, vast The _prodigious_ mountain loomed over the valley. Her _prodigious_ talent earned her widespread recognition.

Question 156

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The ________ in his voice made it clear he was angry. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'a'.*

Answer 156

asperity ## Footnote n. severity, rigor n. acrimony, irritability

Question 157

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. immoral adj. recklessly extravagant ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "p"*

Answer 157

profligate ## Footnote synonyms: corrupt, degenerate; immoderate, lavish, wasteful, extravagant, dissipated His _profligate_ behavior led to his downfall. She lived a _profligate_ lifestyle, spending money on luxury items.

Question 158

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The garden was ________ with blooming flowers. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'p'.*

Answer 158

profuse ## Footnote adj. abundant adj. freely giving or spending

Question 159

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. unlucky, unfortunate, luckless ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "h"*

Answer 159

hapless ## Footnote synonyms: luckless, jinxed, unfortunate, ill-fated, doomed The _hapless_ traveler missed his flight and lost his luggage.

Question 160

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The patient’s symptoms were ________ of a more serious condition. ## Footnote Hint: The word starts with 'p'.

Answer 160

prognostic ## Footnote n. a prediction adj. indicating future events

Question 161

# Define: proliferate | (pruh-**lif**-er-ehyt)

Answer 161

v. to grow and spread quickly ## Footnote Tensions in the area _proliferated_ after the civilian casualties. Prefix: *pro-* (from Latin, meaning 'forward' or 'forth'); Root: *life* (from Latin *lifer*, meaning 'life')

Question 162

# Define: puissant | (**pyoo**-uh-suhnt)

Answer 162

adj. powerful, mighty ## Footnote A _puissant_ leader can secure the success of an entire team. Root: *potent* (from Latin *potens*, meaning 'powerful')

Question 163

# Define: prone | (**prone**)

Answer 163

adj. lying face or front downward adj. tending to behave or act a certain way ## Footnote Lucy was _prone_ to cheat on tests, so the teachers placed her in a separate room. Root: *pronus* (from Latin, meaning 'leaning forward')

Question 164

# Define: propitiate | (proh-**pish**-ee-ehyt)

Answer 164

v. to appease ## Footnote The custom was to _propitiate_ the angry gods with a sacrifice. Prefix: *pro-* (from Latin, meaning 'for' or 'in favor of'); Root: *pet* (from Latin *petere*, meaning 'to seek')

Question 165

# Define: ineffable | (in-**eff**-uh-buhl)

Answer 165

adj. incapable of being described in words ## Footnote After a long day you can find _ineffable_ pleasure in a hot bath. Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning 'not'); Root: *fari* (from Latin, meaning 'to speak'); Suffix: *-able* (from Latin, meaning 'capable of')

Question 166

# Define: propitious | (pruh-**pish**-us)

Answer 166

adj. favorable ## Footnote The rainy weather was not _propitious_ for the picnic they had planned. Prefix: *pro-* (from Latin, meaning 'for' or 'in favor of'); Root: *pet* (from Latin *petere*, meaning 'to seek'); Suffix: *-ous* (from Latin, meaning 'full of')

Question 167

# Define: propound | (pruh-**pound**)

Answer 167

v. to propose or offer for consideration ## Footnote To make her point about the dangers of sunburns, Kate _propound_ed various theories about skin cancer and its links to ultraviolet radiation. Prefix: *pro-* (from Latin, meaning 'forward'); Root: *ponere* (from Latin, meaning 'to place' or 'to set')

Question 168

# Define: propriety | (pruh-**pry**-ih-tee)

Answer 168

n. proper behavior ## Footnote A model housewife, Mary valued _propriety_ and manners over everything else. Root: *proprius* (from Latin, meaning 'one's own' or 'proper'); Suffix: *-ity* (from Latin, indicating a state or condition)

Question 169

# Define: precipitate | (prih-**sip**-ih-teyt)

Answer 169

adj. acting with haste or on impulse v. to cause or hasten an event ## Footnote The officer took _precipitate_ action and wound up making the situation even worse. Prefix: *pre-* (from Latin, meaning 'before'); Root: *caput* (from Latin, meaning 'head')

Question 170

# Define: prosaic | (pro-**zay**-ik)

Answer 170

adj. common; unimaginative ## Footnote Kate's realistic paintings of household objects were criticized as being too _prosaic_. Root: *prosa* (from Latin, meaning 'straightforward' or 'direct'); Suffix: *-ic* (from Latin, meaning 'pertaining to')

Question 171

# Define: prudent | (**proo-**dent)

Answer 171

adj. practical; careful ## Footnote His assistant was particularly _prudent_ when it came to keeping the company's secrets. Root: *providere* (from Latin, meaning 'to foresee'); Suffix: *-ent* (from Latin, indicating an agent or something performing an action)

Question 172

# Define: advert | (ad-**vurt**)

Answer 172

v. to call or direct attention towards ## Footnote As soon as Jim saw the unsafe guardrail, he _adverted_ everyone to the problem. Prefix: *ad-* (from Latin, meaning 'to' or 'toward'); Root: *vertere* (from Latin, meaning 'to turn')

Question 173

# Define: excoriate | (ik-**skawr**-ee-eyt)

Answer 173

v. to condemn scathingly ## Footnote After the student's repetitive acts of bullying, the principal _excoriate_d him. Prefix: *ex-* (from Latin, meaning 'out of' or 'from'); Root: *corium* (from Latin, meaning 'skin' or 'hide')

Question 174

# Define: insipid | (in-**sip**-id)

Answer 174

adj. bland, trite ## Footnote The film's _insipid_ plot, like that of hundreds of others, centered on American agents thwarting a Russian spy ring. Prefix: *in-* (from Latin, meaning 'not'); Root: *sapidus* (from Latin, meaning 'tasty' or 'savory')

Question 175

# Define: sublimate | (**suhb**-luh-meyt)

Answer 175

v. to change state of matter between solid and gaseous form without passing through a liquid stage v. to modify the expression of an instinctual impulse in a socially acceptable manner ## Footnote Dry ice _sublimates_ directly from its solid ice form to the gas you see rising off of it. Prefix: *sub-* (from Latin, meaning 'under' or 'up to'); Root: *limen* (from Latin, meaning 'threshold')

Question 176

# Define: expatiate | (ik-**spey**-shee-eyt)

Answer 176

v. to discuss or write about at great length ## Footnote Margie _expatiated_ about her misfortunes until early in the morning. Prefix: *ex-* (from Latin, meaning 'out of'); Root: *spatium* (from Latin, meaning 'space' or 'room')

Question 177

# Define: precipitous | (prih-**sip**-ih-tuhs)

Answer 177

adj. dangerously high or steep adj. done hastily and without care ## Footnote The economy suffered a _precipitous_ decline in exports. Prefix: *pre-* (from Latin, meaning 'before'); Root: *caput* (from Latin, meaning 'head'); Suffix: *-ous* (from Latin, meaning 'full of')

Question 178

# Define: necromancy | (**nek**-ruh-man-see)

Answer 178

n. the practice of communicating with the spirits of the dead n. black magic, black arts, or sorcery ## Footnote Aunt Pam claimed that _necromancy_ was a way you could speak to your ancestors. Root: *necro-* (from Greek *nekros*, meaning 'dead'); Root: *mancy* (from Greek *manteia*, meaning 'divination')

Question 179

# Define: truculent | (**truhk**-yuh-luhnt)

Answer 179

adj. cruel, ferocious, savage, brutal ## Footnote The _truculent_ dictator did not care about the well-being of his people. Root: *trux* (from Latin, meaning 'fierce' or 'savage'); Suffix: *-ulent* (from Latin, meaning 'full of')

Question 180

# Define: depravity | (dih-**prav**-ih-tee)

Answer 180

n. moral corruption or degradation ## Footnote The various _depravities_ of modern society include an unhealthy obsession with the lives and deaths of celebrities. Prefix: *de-* (from Latin, meaning 'down' or 'away'); Root: *pravus* (from Latin, meaning 'crooked' or 'perverse'); Suffix: *-ity* (from Latin, indicating a state or condition)

Question 181

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to grow and spread quickly ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "p"*

Answer 181

proliferate ## Footnote synonyms: expand, develop, increase, multiply, escalate Rumors about the incident began to _proliferate_ online.

Question 182

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The king was a ________ ruler, feared by his enemies. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'p'.*

Answer 182

puissant ## Footnote adj. powerful, mighty

Question 183

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. lying face or front downward adj. tending to behave or act a certain way ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "p"*

Answer 183

prone ## Footnote synonyms: face down, flat, horizontal; likely, susceptible, vulnerable, inclined He lay _prone_ on the grass, staring at the sky. She is _prone_ to anxiety in stressful situations.

Question 184

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. He tried to ________ the angry crowd with a public apology. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'p'.*

Answer 184

propitiate ## Footnote v. to appease

Question 185

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. incapable of being described in words ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "i"*

Answer 185

ineffable ## Footnote synonyms: beyond words, indescribable, unutterable, sublime, inexpressible The beauty of the sunset was _ineffable_.

Question 186

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The clear skies were a ________ sign for the outdoor event. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'p'.*

Answer 186

propitious ## Footnote adj. favorable

Question 187

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to propose or offer for consideration ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "p"*

Answer 187

propound ## Footnote synonyms: counsel, advise, set forth, present, suggest, introduce She _propounded_ a new solution to the problem.

Question 188

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. He always acted with ________ during formal meetings. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'p'.*

Answer 188

propriety ## Footnote n. proper behavior

Question 189

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. acting with haste or on impulse v. to cause or hasten an event ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "p"*

Answer 189

precipitate ## Footnote synonyms: expedite, advance, hasten, provoke, trigger His _precipitate_ decision led to unforeseen consequences. The sudden rain _precipitated_ a halt to the outdoor concert.

Question 190

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. Her speech was filled with ________ statements, lacking creativity. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'p'.*

Answer 190

prosaic ## Footnote adj. common; unimaginative

Question 191

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. practical; careful ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "p"*

Answer 191

prudent ## Footnote synonyms: canny, sagacious, wise, judicious, sensible It was a _prudent_ decision to save money for emergencies.

Question 192

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The article ________ to the growing environmental issues. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'a'.*

Answer 192

advert ## Footnote v. to call or direct attention towards

Question 193

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to condemn scathingly ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "e"*

Answer 193

excoriate ## Footnote synonyms: berate, scathe, chastise, denounce, revile, attack The critics _excoriated_ the movie for its poor script.

Question 194

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The ________ conversation bored everyone at the table. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'i'.*

Answer 194

insipid ## Footnote adj. bland, trite

Question 195

# Which vocabulary word means the following? v. to change state of matter between solid and gaseous form without passing through a liquid stage v. to modify the expression of an instinctual impulse in a socially acceptable manner ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "s"*

Answer 195

sublimate ## Footnote synonyms: refine, transfer, redirect, transform, channel, convert Dry ice _sublimates_ directly into gas. He _sublimated_ his anger into intense physical exercise.

Question 196

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. She loved to ________ on her travels through Europe. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'e'.*

Answer 196

expatiate ## Footnote v. to discuss or write about at great length

Question 197

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. dangerously high or steep adj. done hastily and without care ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "p"*

Answer 197

precipitous ## Footnote synonyms: steep, arduous, high; impulsive, abrupt, sudden, reckless The hikers carefully navigated the _precipitous_ cliffs. His _precipitous_ actions led to unfortunate consequences.

Question 198

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The villagers feared the old woman practiced ________. ## Footnote *Hint: The word starts with 'n'.*

Answer 198

necromancy ## Footnote n. the practice of allegedly communicating with the spirits of the dead n. black magic, black arts, or sorcery

Question 199

# Which vocabulary word means the following? adj. cruel, ferocious, savage, brutal ## Footnote *Hint: starts with "t"*

Answer 199

truculent ## Footnote synonyms: abusive, aggressive, hostile, fierce, belligerent, combative His _truculent_ attitude made him difficult to work with.

Question 200

# Fill in the blank with the most appropriate vocabulary word. The dictator’s ________ shocked the entire nation. ## Footnote Hint: The word starts with 'd'.

Answer 200

depravity ## Footnote n. moral corruption or degradation