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Heme Pharm > Adverse Effect > Flashcards

Adverse Effect Flashcards

1
Q

muscle cramps

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor - Imatinib

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2
Q

(1) Formation of inhibitors, anti-factor VIII/IX antibodies (IgG)(2) Viral infection(3) Thrombophlebitis at the infusion site(4) Bacterial contamination of the concentrate(5) Primary prophylaxis(a) Cost (very expensive)(b) Catheter-related infections (often a central venous line isnecessary)”

A

Factor VIII/IX replacement Plasma-derived products and Recombinant factor VIII/IX

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3
Q

Acute infusion reactions, associated particularly with the first infusion, including fever, chills, urticaria, headache, bronchospasm, angioedema and hypotension

A

Rituximab

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4
Q

a) Pulmonary emboli b) DVTc) MI

A

Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and activated PCC(aPCC)

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5
Q

Inhibition of protein synthesis in normal tissues which can lead to hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, clotting abnormalities due to deficient clotting factors, and hypoalbuminemia

A

Asparaginase

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6
Q

stomatitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis,

A

Cytarabine

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7
Q

Myelosuppression

A

flucytosine

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8
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

Fludarabine; Lamivudine (nucleoside analog of cytosine), Emtricitabine (fluorinated analog of lamivudine), Tenofovir (nucleotide analog of adenosine)

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9
Q

N/V; diarrhea, dizziness; rare: neutropenia, anemia, hemolysis, allergic reactions

A

Artemisinin

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10
Q

“Dose-related QT and PR intervals prolongation; Embryo-toxic, thus contraindicated in pregnancy”

A

Halofantrine

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11
Q

Rash which could progress to Stevens-Johnson syndrome

A

Nonnucleoside: Efavirenz and TMP/SMX and Pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine

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12
Q

Can cause anaphylaxis

A

iron dextran

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13
Q

a. Formation of inhibitors b. Viral infection associated with use of plasma-derived product sc. Thrombophlebitis at the infusion site

A

Plasma-derived vWF-containing products

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14
Q

neurotoxic, urotoxic, myelosuppression

A

cyclophosphamide

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15
Q

cardiotoxic

A

Doxorubicin, daunorubicin - anthracyclines

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16
Q

Mucositis

A

Doxorubicin, daunorubicin - anthracyclines; methotrexate

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17
Q

Cough, pyrexia, upper respiratory tract infection, rash, musculoskeletal symptoms, abdominal pain and postural dizziness, Hepatotoxicity

A

Penetration blocker: Maraviroc

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18
Q

ECG abnormalities

A

Mefloquine; Chloroquine; Quinine

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19
Q

Dry skin, cheilitis, reversible hepatic enzyme abnormalities

A

Tretinoin

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20
Q

– Hyperlipidemia– Leukopenia– Thrombocytopenia

A

sirolimus

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21
Q

Pruritus; Nausea, abdominal pain, blurring of vision; Hemolysis in persons deficient in G6PD; Hypotension; ECG changes: QRS widening; T wave abnormalities

A

Chloroquine

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22
Q

lipoatrophy

A

Lamivudine (nucleoside analog of cytosine), Emtricitabine (fluorinated analog of lamivudine), Tenofovir (nucleotide analog of adenosine)

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23
Q

Mitochondrial toxicity due to inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase-γ

A

Lamivudine (nucleoside analog of cytosine), Emtricitabine (fluorinated analog of lamivudine), Tenofovir (nucleotide analog of adenosine)

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24
Q

pancreatitis

A

Lamivudine (nucleoside analog of cytosine), Emtricitabine (fluorinated analog of lamivudine), Tenofovir (nucleotide analog of adenosine)

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25
Q

Antigenicity as a foreign protein-Hypersensitivity reactions can occur and may be fatal

A

Asparaginase

26
Q

seizures, dementia, and coma (cerebral toxicity)

A

Cytarabine

27
Q

Peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, lipoatrophy, myopathy, anemia, increased transaminases Mitochondrial toxicity due to inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase-γ

A

Lamivudine (nucleoside analog of cytosine), Emtricitabine (fluorinated analog of lamivudine), Tenofovir (nucleotide analog of adenosine)

28
Q

can cause allergic reactions (pruritus, wheals,rash, anaphylaxis)

A

Deferoxamine

29
Q

↑Risk of reactivating latent tuberculosis – screenpatients for TB; ↑Risk of demyelinating disease

A

TNF-α Inhibitors: Etanercept, Infliximab, Adalimumab

30
Q

myelosuppression, N/V, anorexia

A

Mercaptopurine, Fludarabine

31
Q

Lower risk of anaphylactic reactions

A

Sodium Ferric gluconate and iron sucrose

32
Q

Hepatotoxicity

A

Penetration blocker: Maraviroc; cyclosporine; Amodiaquine; Protease inhibitors: Atazanavir, Darunavir, Ritonavir

33
Q

Well-tolerated: diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, and headache

A

Integrase inhibitor: raltegravir

34
Q

Hemolytic abnormalities; Hypoglycemia; ECG abnormalities; Flushing; Hypersensitivity reactions

A

Quinine and Quinidine

35
Q

Diarrhea

A

leflunomide

36
Q

Nephrotoxicity and pulmonary toxicity can occur after long-term use

A

methotrexate

37
Q

reversible hepatic enzyme elevations, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema; GI disturbances; myelosuppression

A

Cytarabine

38
Q

Metabolic changes including increased lipids, insulin insensitivity, and central fat accumulation

A

Protease inhibitors: Atazanavir, Darunavir, Ritonavir

39
Q

Neutropenia, aplastic anemia and hepatotoxicity are common adverse effects

A

Amodiaquine

40
Q

edema (ankles and periorbital tissues)

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor - Imatinib

41
Q

Skin necrosis, fetal toxicity, and bleeding

A

warfarin

42
Q

Cinchonism: Tinnitus; Headache; Visual disturbances; Nausea; Dizziness

A

Quinine and Quinidine

43
Q

Almost all patients develop local injection site reactions,with mild or moderate pain, erythema, induration, nodules and cysts

A

enfuvirtide

44
Q

hepato-, nephro-,& neuro—toxicity; hypertension, hyperlipidemia

A

cyclosporine

45
Q

Prolonged high dose - Irreversible ototoxicity; retinopathy; myopathy; peripheral neuropathy

A

Chloroquine

46
Q

bleeding and risk of hemorrhage; HIT

A

Heparin and LWMH

47
Q

Tissue necrosis upon extravasation

A

Doxorubicin, daunorubicin - anthracyclines; dacarbazine

48
Q

Facial flushing

A

DDAVP (desmopressin)

49
Q

GI symptoms; photosensitivity

A

Doxycycline

50
Q

↑Risk of cancer, especially bladder cancer

A

cyclophosphamide

51
Q

ataxia and slurred speech (Cerebellar toxicity)

A

Cytarabine

52
Q

Antidiuretic effects: water retention and dilutional hyponatremia

A

DDAVP (desmopressin)

53
Q

(a) heartburn (b) constipation or diarrhea (c) nausea (more prevalent at higher doses) (d) upper abdominal pain (more prevalent at higher doses)

A

oral iron

54
Q

N/V, Rash, Hepatitis, Endocrinologic abnormalities: women, menstrual irregularities; men, gynecomastia; due to inhibition of steroid biosynthesis

A

azoles, particularly ketoconazole

55
Q

Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash

A

“Atovaquone-proguanilaka Malarone”

56
Q

Hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratosis, erythema, and ulcerations over the elbows, knuckles, and other pressure areas

A

Bleomycin

57
Q

Begins with cough and rales progressing to fibrosis;may be reversible but patients die of this complication.

A

Bleomycin

58
Q

numbness and tingling of the extremities and loss of deep tendon reflexes, and motor weakness (Neurotoxicity)

A

vincristine

59
Q

Stevens Johnson syndrome; kernicterus in infants; Acute hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency; Crystalluria

A

TMP/SMX and Pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine

60
Q

Nephrotoxicity, normochromic and normocytic anemia

A

Polyenes: Amphotericin B

Heme Pharm (13 decks)

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