Aerobic respiration

Question 0

Where does the kreb cycle occur?

Answer 0

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 1

what are the two components of the aerobic system?>

Answer 1

krebs and electron transport chain

Question 2

Where does the Electron transport chain occur?

Answer 2

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 3

What are the products of oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 3

water and ATP

Question 4

Amount of carbs stored in the body?

Answer 4

300-400g

Question 5

Carbs stored in the liver?

Answer 5

70-100g stored in the liver

Question 6

oxidation

Answer 6

is the addition of oxygen, removal of hydrogen, or the removal of electrons from an element or compound

Question 7

what is reduction?

Answer 7

the deletion of oxygen, addition of hydrogen, or addition of electrons to an element or compound

Question 8

where is the location of Aerobic respiration?

Answer 8

Mitochondria

Question 9

Products of Aerobic respiration?

Answer 9

ATP, NADH, FADH2

Question 10

key enzymes in aerobic respiration?

Answer 10

dehydrogenase

Question 11

What are the names for krebs cycle?

Answer 11

citric acid cycle, TCA (tricarboxylic acid cycle)

Question 12

Where do NADH and FADH2 deliver their electrons to?

Answer 12

Electron Transport chain

Question 13

When do Carbs enter the krebs cycle?

Answer 13

enter after running through glycolysis and a prep step

Acetyl -CoA

Question 14

What does Coenzyme A consist of?

Answer 14

pantothenic acid (b5) and a terminal thiol (SH) group

Question 15

what does acyl Coa dehydrogenase do?

Answer 15

oxidizes Acetyl CoA

Question 16

What is the multi-enzyme complex that is also irreversible in the krebs cycle?

Answer 16

pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 17

How is the outer membrane of the mitochondria?

Answer 17

porous

permeable to most ons and small molecules

Question 18

How’s the inner membrane of mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 18

convoluted,

impermeable to most small ios and small molecules…

Question 19

what are the final products of aerobic metabolism?

Answer 19

CO2, H2O, ATP

Question 20

What reduces NAD+?

Answer 20

dehydrogenase

Question 21

What is complex 1?

Answer 21

NADH dehydrogenase

Question 22

What is complex 2?

Answer 22

succinate dehydrogenase

Question 23

what is complex 3?

Answer 23

cytochrome reductase (bc1)

Question 24

What is complex 4?

Answer 24

cytochrome oxidase ()

Question 25

What part of complex 1 accepts the electrons from NADH?

Answer 25

FMN (Flavin mononucleotide)

Question 26

What molecule is bound to complex 1?

Answer 26

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)

Question 27

Where does complex 1 transfer electrons to ?

Answer 27

ubiquinone (CoQ)

Question 28

Does complex 1 participate in the proton pump?

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

What does complex 2 do?

Answer 29

oxidizes succinate | gives electrons to FAD to FADH2

Question 30

Is any energy lost in complex 2?

Answer 30

no, no proton pump at this complex

Question 31

is ubiquinone a protein?

Answer 31

no

Question 32

From where does ubquinone accept electrons?

Answer 32

FADH2 or FMNH2

Question 33

Where do FADH2 come from to ubiquinone?

Answer 33

succinate dehydrogenase 2. 3.

Question 34

Which complexes contain a heme group?

Answer 34

complex 3 and 4

Question 35

How do electrons flow from complex 3?

Answer 35

complex 3 to cytocrhome c to complex 4

Question 36

which complex is the bimetallic center?

Answer 36

complex 4 (AKA cytochrome c oxidase or cytochrome a +a3)

Question 37

what does the bimetallic center of complex 4 contain?

Answer 37

cytochromes a and a3 have iron atoms | two copper ions

Question 38

Which complex does NOT pump protons to the intermembrane space?

Answer 38

complex 2

Question 39

What compounds are oxidized within the aerobic system?

Answer 39

Fat carbohydrate protein

Question 40

Where is the prep step for aerobic respiration?

Answer 40

mitohondrial matrix

Question 41

products of Aerobic respiration?

Answer 41

ATP, NADH, FADH2

Question 42

What compounds does Krebs cycle take in?

Answer 42

fat, CHO, proteins

Question 43

How do carbs enter the Krebs cycle?

Answer 43

Enter after running through glycolysis and a prep step (Acetyl CoA)

Question 44

How do Fats enter the Krebs cycle?

Answer 44

Enter after running through Beta oxidation. | Acetyl CoA

Question 45

How do proteins enter the Krebs cycle?

Answer 45

Each AA is unique in how it enters. Acetyl CoA + other intermediates Not all tissue can oxidize all AA

Question 46

What is the universal carrier of acyl groups?

Answer 46

Coenzyme A

Question 47

When is coenzyme A used?

Answer 47

used in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, pyruvate oxidation and acetylation

Question 48

what kinds of bonds does Coenzyme A consist of?

Answer 48

forms high-energy thioester bonds with acetic acid (acetyl CoA) and fatty acids (acyl CoA)

Question 49

what is the main enzyme in fatty acid entry into the krebs cycle?

Answer 49

Acyl CoA dehydrogenase

Question 50

Where does Fatty acid entry occur?

Answer 50

mitochondrial matrix

Question 51

What is the oxidation of fatty acid?

Answer 51

where a two carbon molecule (acetyl CoA) is cleaved off the fatty acid

Question 52

what are the intermediates for Amino acids other than Acetyl CoA?

Answer 52

alpha-ketoglutarate succinyl CoA Fumarate Oxaloacetate

Question 53

What are the 3 enzymes that make up the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

Answer 53

E1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (AKA: pyruvate carboxylase) E2: Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase E3: dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase

Question 54

What are the 5 co-enzymes in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

Answer 54

1. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) 2. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) 3. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) 4. Coenzyme A 5. Lipoate

Question 55

What are the products of the krebs cycle that inhibit it?

Answer 55

ATP High Energy Charge NADH FADH2

Question 56

What are the reactants that stimulate the Krebs cycle?

Answer 56

ADP or AMP Low energy charge NAD+ FAD

Question 57

What are the main enzymes in the krebs cycle?

Answer 57

Isocitrate dehydrogenase alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase Succinate dehydrogenase Malate dehydrogenase

Question 58

What is an example of a product inhibiting its enzyme?

Answer 58

Succinyl CoA (there are many more)

Question 59

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is regulated by energy charge and inhibited by?

Answer 59

ATP NADH Succinyl CoA

Question 60

What two components regulate isocitrate dehydrogense?

Answer 60

Regulated by Energy (ATP/ADP) and Redox state (NADH/NAD+)

Question 61

What inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase?

Answer 61

It's products: ATP and NADH

Question 62

What stimulates Isocitrate dehydrogenase?

Answer 62

it's reactants: NAD+ and ADP

Question 63

What inhibits Citrate synthase?

Answer 63

High products: ATP/citrate | Low reactants: Oxaloacetate and/or acetyl CoA

Question 64

What inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase?

Answer 64

high NADH/NAD+ High Acetyl CoA/CoA High ATP/ADP availability of long-chain fatty acids

Question 65

What is anaplerotic?

Answer 65

giving substrates to the cycle

Question 66

what is cataplerotic

Answer 66

taking substrates from the cycle

Question 67

what are the intermediates the leave the krebs cycle to make amino acids and nucleotides?

Answer 67

oxaloacetate and alpha-ketoglutarate

Question 68

where is oxaloacetate sent to make glucose?

Answer 68

gluconeogenesis

Question 69

In the aerobic cycle what is the ultimate acceptor of the electrons?

Answer 69

oxygen

Question 70

How do you convert GTP to ATP?

Answer 70

(GTP + ADP) --nulceoside dihophokinase--> (GDP + ATP)

Question 71

How do we yield GTP from the krebs cycle?

Answer 71

cleaving the thioester bond of Succinyl CoA release energy and the formation of GTP is coupled to this reasion.

Question 72

by which point have molecules lost 3 Carbons to CO2?

Answer 72

decarboxylaions | 1 to prep step, 2 lost in krebs cycle

Question 73

what is cytochrome c?

Answer 73

a small protein (FeS complexes) in the ETC

Question 74

What does cytochrome c do?

Answer 74

transfers electrons to cytochrome oxidase

Question 75

location of cytochrome c?

Answer 75

intermembrane space

Question 76

How many electrons are required to reduce 1 molecule of O2 to H2O?

Answer 76

4e's

Question 77

What is the chemiosmotic theory?

Answer 77

(a theory that states) When protons flow through a special protein, ATP is created.

Question 78

In ATP synthase (complex 5) what gives the energy to create atp?

Answer 78

the return flow of protons gives the energy needed for ATP synthesis

Question 79

What is respiratory control dependent on?

Answer 79

the ability to phosphorylate (ADP to ATP)

Question 80

What does Oligomcin prevent?

Answer 80

ATP synthesis

Question 81

what does 2,4-dinitrophenol do?

Answer 81

diffuses easily through inner mitochondrial membrane and stopped ATP production. Increases ETS rate, but no proton gradient (NO ATP production)

Question 82

How do the flows of electrons go?

Answer 82

electrons flow from the more negative E0 redox pair to the more positive E0 redox pair