energy Producers

Question 0

Is glucokinase inhibited by its products?

Answer 0

glucose-6-phosphate does not inhibite glucokinase

Question 1

what stimulates glucokinase?

Answer 1

insulin and fructose

Question 2

km of glucokinase?

Answer 2

high km ( it takes more reactant to make it go faster)

Question 3

Hw is hexokinase inhibited?

Answer 3

inhibition of phosphofructokiase (PFK)

Question 4

What does heokinase do?

Answer 4

catalyzes the first step in glycolysis

Question 5

what is the first rate limiting step of glycolysis?

Answer 5

phosphofructokinase (PFK)

Question 6

What is the first “committed step”?

Answer 6

PFK

Question 7

What inhibits PFK?

Answer 7

Decresed pH ( a significant drop), Citrate (intermediate of krebs cycle), end products (fructose-1,6-bisphosphate), high energy charge

Question 8

what kind of enzyme is PFK?`

Answer 8

Allosteric enzyme (ATP binds to the enzyme and decreases its activity)

Question 9

What does PFK-1 do?

Answer 9

catlyzes the formation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Question 10

what does PFK-2 do?

Answer 10

catalyzes formation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in a different pathway.

Question 11

what is the most potent activator of PFK-1?

Answer 11

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

Question 12

what stimulatres PFK-2?

Answer 12

insulin

Question 13

what does PFK-2 stimulate?

Answer 13

glycolysis and PFK in the liver

Question 14

what inhibits PFK-2?

Answer 14

gluconeogenesis

Question 15

What does PFK-2 phosphorylate?

Answer 15

fructose-6-phosphate

Question 16

is pyruvate kinase an irreversible step in glycolysis?

Answer 16

yes, the third irreversible step

Question 17

what inhibits pyruvate kinase?

Answer 17

alanine

Question 18

what stimulates pyruvate kinase?

Answer 18

fructose-1,6-bisphostphate

Question 19

Does glucagon inhibit glycolysis?

Answer 19

yes by decreasing fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

Question 20

how can we re-activate pyruvate kinase?

Answer 20

by dephosphorylation

Question 21

How is pyruvate kinase inactivated in the liver?

Answer 21

Glucagon, phosphorylation of Pk

Question 22

What cant PEP continue in the liver in the presence of glucagon?

Answer 22

glycolysis

Question 23

when is glucagon secreted?`

Answer 23

when blood glucose is low

Question 24

primary target of glucagon?

Answer 24

the liver

Question 25

what is the objective of glucagon?

Answer 25

elevate blood glucose

Question 26

are there glucagon receptor in muscle?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

what are the fates of pyruvate?

Answer 27

Alanine, Lactate, Aerobic metabolism

Question 28

When the energy charge is low, amino acids jump into the Krebds cycle. When they do this, they throw off NH3+. Pyrvate picks up what to turn into Alanine?

Answer 28

NH3+

Question 29

What does Alanine inhibit?

Answer 29

pyruvate kinase

Question 30

pyruvate + NADH ->?

Answer 30

Lactate + NAD+

Question 31

? + ? -> Lactate + NAD+

Answer 31

pyruvate + NADH

Question 32

what is starch degraded into in the intestines?

Answer 32

glucose

Question 33

sucrose is made of what?

Answer 33

Glucose + fructose

Question 34

LActose is composed of what?

Answer 34

Glucose + Galactose

Question 35

location where glycolysis occurs?

Answer 35

Cytosol

Question 36

Products of glycolysis?

Answer 36

ATP, NADH, pyruvate and lactic acid, alanine

Question 37

what does lactate dehydrogenase do?

Answer 37

turns pyruvate into lactate

Question 38

when is lactic acid produced?

Answer 38

when glycolysis runs fast

Question 39

when does lactate inhibit glycolysis?

Answer 39

when a large production of lactate occurs by dropping the ph and thus inhibiting PFK.

Question 40

when there is moderate amount of Lactate, what is produced to stimulate G3P dehydrogenase?

Answer 40

NAD+

Question 41

in muscle and kidney, fructose is phosphorylated into fructose-6-phosphate by what?

Answer 41

hexokinase

Question 42

frctuose-6-p from muscle and kidney can enter what cycle?

Answer 42

glycolyses

Question 43

How many steps does it take to convert Galactose into glucose 6p?

Answer 43

4 steps

Question 44

What does Galactokinase do?

Answer 44

Converts Galactose (w/ ATP) into Galactose-1-phosphate

Question 45

What enzyme turns Galactose-1p + UDP glucose into UDP-glactose + Glucose-1p?

Answer 45

transferase

Question 46

What is the product of this reaction? Galactose-1p + UDP glucose ---transferase--> ???

Answer 46

UDP-glucose + glucose-1p

Question 47

What enzymes turns UDP galactose into UDP glucose?

Answer 47

epimerase

Question 48

What is the product of this reaction? UDP Galactose ---epimerase---> ???

Answer 48

UDP glucose

Question 49

Glucose-1p is turned into Glucose-6-Phosphate by what enzyme?

Answer 49

Mutase

Question 50

What are the reactants in Glycolysis?

Answer 50

Glucose, ADP, AMP, NAD+, Pi

Question 51

What are the key enzymes in glycolysis?

Answer 51

Hexokinase, Phophofructokinase (PFK), pyruvvate kinase

Question 52

What is glycolysis stimulates by?

Answer 52

Increase in (ADP, AMP, Pi or inorganic phosphate, Ammonia/NH3+), Insulin ad Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

Question 53

Glycolysis is inhibited by what?

Answer 53

Increase in ATP ad Citrate, Glucagon and a decrease in pH