AFTER INNOCENCE

Question 1

many individual factors can influence ability to successfully reintegrate into society
some are present before conviction (__), some occur during incarceration (__) and others occur during reintegration (__)

Answer 1

individual characteristics, worldviews, psychological processes
trauma, abuse, coping strategies, sentence length, social support
mental/physical health, social support, fear/guilt, therapy

Question 2

what is counterfactual thinking

Answer 2

people think about possible alternatives to events that have already happened

Question 3

what is upward counterfactual thinking

Answer 3

people think about what they could have done differently to improve their current situation

Question 4

what is downward counterfactual thinking

Answer 4

people think about ways their situation could have been worse

Question 5

what are the problems associated with upward counterfactual thinking

Answer 5

increases negative affect (causality, preventability, blame)
increases feelings of regret, dissatisfaction, guilt, shame, anxiety and psychological distress

Question 6

what is locus of control (LOC)

Answer 6

belief that important personal outcomes are either result of personal control (internal LOC) or result of fate, chance and powerful others (external LOC)

Question 7

all prisoners face potential mental harms such as __, __, __ and __
they are also more susceptible to __

Answer 7

distrust of others
institutionalization
deindivuation
extreme prison overcrowding

PTSD

Question 8

exonerees rely on positive coping mechanisms, give examples

Answer 8

religious practices
meeting with/helping other exonerees re-acclimate
meaning-making coping (find a purpose)
mental health counseling

Question 9

there are many reasons as to why exonerees lack occupational skills, what are they

Answer 9

1. convicted at fairly young age
2. they spend an average of 14 years behind bars, and society/technology changed
3. do not receive training and service programs usually provided since they are abruptly released

Question 10

what are the two types of exoneree compensation

Answer 10

1. money compensation
2. provision of other necessary services (e.g., job training)

Question 11

what is expungement

Answer 11

process of destroying record of criminal conviction or sealing it from state/federal registry

Question 12

absence of expungement affects exoneree reintegration in many ways, what are they

Answer 12

1. difficult to obtain employment since they have a criminal record
2. limits legal rights (e.g., voting, adopting)
3. reduce ability to obtain government assistance and documents

Question 13

what is the “Ban the Box” campaign

Answer 13

began as a result of employment difficulties after completed sentences
aim to remove questions regarding felony convictions from job applications through legislation and companies voluntary compliance

Question 14

community sentiment toward exoneree services can vary depending on __

Answer 14

crime and they way in which they were wrongfully convicted

Question 15

people are less likely to support psychological services, career services and job training when __

Answer 15

falsey confessed than when they were convicted by erroneous eyewitness identification

Question 16

what is procedural justice

what are the two types

Answer 16

perceived fairness of methods used during decision making

quality of decision making and quality of treatment

Question 17

what is process control
what is decision control

Answer 17

extent to which people can present evidence on own behalf
whether people have voice in decision

Question 18

people more likely to have positive sentiment toward procedure when __ or when __

Answer 18

people feel the two types of procedural justice occur

people feel that they have process or decision control

Question 19

stigma can take the form of __, __ or __

stigma toward exonerees is likely result of __

Answer 19

body abominations: people are visibly different from others
blemishes of character: stigma not physically visible
tribal stigmas: people belong to stigmatized group of lineage

blemishes of character

Question 20

stigma toward exonerees could be related to what 4 factors

Answer 20

1. whether exonerees were released before or after public awareness of their innocence
2. way public officials react to release
3. whether police caught the actual prepetrator
4. how media potrays them

Question 21

four major theoretical models explain reasons why stigmatization may occur, what are they

Answer 21

1. fundamental attribution error
2. just world beliefs
3. stigma by association
4. the contact hypothesis

Question 22

attributions of blame predict __

people assign internal attributions when __, whereas people assign external attributions when __

Answer 22

perceptions of responsibility

they attribute behaviour to person’s stable traits

attribute behaviour to changeable environment

Question 23

what is the fundamental attribution error

Answer 23

people’s tendency to attribute other people’s behaviour to internal factors and attribute their own behaviour to external factors

Question 24

what is the just world theory

Answer 24

people want to believe that their efforts are reciprocated
-people sometimes motivated to restore injustice to reduce psychological discomfort

Question 25

what is stigma by association

Answer 25

people are devalued because they associate with another stigmatized group
-simply being in contact with person is enough to be stigmatized

Question 26

what is the contact hypothesis

Answer 26

face-to-face interaction between an in-group (dominant group) and an out-group (minority group) will reduce prejudice
-info sources can be enough to reduce prejudice

Question 27

doubt of innocence is related to issues of __

Answer 27

perceptions of judicially released guilty persons, type of crime wrongfully convicted of and whether they have past criminal records

Question 28

what are the consequences of stigmatization

Answer 28

affect compensation by the government
result in loss of relationships with family
affect whether employers are willing to hire
influence landlords who may rent