aggression ao1 weaknesses

Question 1

who proposed the Limbic System as associated with aggression?

Answer 1

Papez and Maclean

Question 2

what are the parts of the Limbic System?

Answer 2

hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus etc

Question 3

who did an experiment to see the effect of the Limbic System?

Answer 3

Gospic et al

Question 4

what happened in Gospic et al’s study?

Answer 4

ultimatum game
looked at the effect using fMRI scans
saw a fast and heightened version by the amygdala after rejections

Question 5

what was the effect of a Benzodiazepine drug on the Limbic System?

Answer 5

halved the number of rejections

Question 6

what is the effect of normal serotonin levels on aggression?

Answer 6

normal levels of serotonin in the orbitofrontal cortex
reduced firing
associated with greater self control

Question 7

what did Virkunnen et al find out about serotonin?

Answer 7

looked at the levels of serotonin in violent and non violent offenders
lower levels in impulsive offenders, they also had irregular sleep

Question 8

what does the MAOA gene break down?

Answer 8

serotonin

Question 9

what did Frazetto et al find about gene environment interractions?

Answer 9

association between antisocial aggression and low MAOA gene
only when experienced a traumatic event in the first 15 years of life
diatheses stress approach

Question 10

what was the concordance rate for verbal aggression in monozygotic twins?

Answer 10

19%

Question 11

who researchered adoption studies?

Answer 11

Rhee and Waldman

Question 12

what percentage do genetic influences have in aggression?

Answer 12

41%

Question 13

what are the 6 features of fixed action patterns?

Answer 13

universal 
innate 
response to a sign stimulus 
stereotyped 
ballistic 
unaffected by learning

Question 14

how is aggression adaptive?

Answer 14

defeated animal is rarely killed

moves elsewhere which reduces competition pressure

Question 15

why do male chimpanzees exhibit aggression?

Answer 15

to get to the top of the dominance hierachy

Question 16

what did Pettit et al find out about aggression?

Answer 16

studied child play groups

observed children having dominance over others to establish dominance hierachies

Question 17

what did Lorenz find out about ritualistic aggression?

Answer 17

intraspecies aggression ends with ritual appeasement displays
inhibits further aggression

Question 18

who proposed the frustration aggression hypothesis?

Answer 18

Dollard

Question 19

what is catharsis?

Answer 19

sense of relief after aggression, as we have released a biological drive

Question 20

what are environmental cues?

Answer 20

aggressive cues in the environment that make aggression more likely

Question 21

what happened in Berkowitz’s study into environmental cues?

Answer 21

students were given electric shocks in a laboratory situation
then they had the chance to give electric shocks to a confederate
either 2 guns present or no guns present
gave higher electric shocks when 2 guns were present
known as the weapon effect

Question 22

who proposed mate retention strategies?

Answer 22

Wilson and Daly

Question 23

what did Wilson et find in a study of mate retention strategies?

Answer 23

women who reported mate retention strategies were twice as likely to have suffered physical violence

Question 24

what did Shackleford et al do to find out about inmate partner violence?

Answer 24

got participants (married couples) to complete questionnaires
men completed the Mate Retention Inventory which assesses mate retention strategies
women completed Spouse Influence Report which looks at the influence of their partner’s violence in their relationship

Question 25

what did Shackleford find out about inmate partner violence?

Answer 25

positive correlation between men's mate retention strategies and the physical violence their partner had experienced

Question 26

why does bullying occur?

Answer 26

due to a power imbalance

Question 27

how is bullying advantageous?

Answer 27

promotes own health and creates reproductive opportunities

Question 28

what does Volk argue about bullying?

Answer 28

the characteristics associated with bullying behaviour are attractive to females in males- suggests dominance and strength males therefore have greater reproductive success

Question 29

when does female bullying occur?

Answer 29

within a relationship- method of controlling a partner helps secure a partner's fidelity naturally selected due to reproductive success

Question 30

who proposed deindividuation?

Answer 30

LeBon

Question 31

who proposed the deindividuated and individuated state?

Answer 31

Zimbardo

Question 32

who proposed public and private self awareness?

Answer 32

Prentice-Dunn and Rogers

Question 33

what did Dodd find out about aggression?

Answer 33

229 undergraduate students asked participants 'If you could do anything possible and wouldn't be found out, what would you do?' only 9% prosocial responses most common response was rob a bank

Question 34

who proposed the deprivation model?

Answer 34

Clemmer

Question 35

who researched the deprivation model?

Answer 35

Steiner

Question 36

why does the prison environment lead to violence?

Answer 36

stressful and creates frustration

Question 37

what did DeLisi find when researching the importation model?

Answer 37

studied 813 juvenile delinquents in Californian insitutions had negative dispositional factors such as childhood trauma and substance abuse more likely to engage in suicidal activity and sexual misconduct, committed more violent actions than a control group with fewer dispostional factors

Question 38

who conducted a meta analysis for computer games?

Answer 38

Anderson

Question 39

what did Anderson's meta analysis of computer games find?

Answer 39

136 studies looked at the exposure to violent media was associated with aggressive behaviour true for males/females in individualistic/collectivist cultures

Question 40

who conducted an experimental study for computer games?

Answer 40

Bartholow and Anderson

Question 41

what happened in Bartholow and Anderson's experimental study?

Answer 41

participants played either a violent or non violent computer game carried out the Taylor Competitive Reaction Time Task deliver blasts of white noise to a non existent opponent those who played the violent game selected significantly higher noise levels compared to non violent players

Question 42

who carried out a correlational study for computer games?

Answer 42

DeLisi

Question 43

what happened in DeLisi's correlational study for computer games?

Answer 43

studied 227 juvenile offenders history of aggressive behaviours offender's aggressive correlated with how often they played violent computer games and how much they enjoyed them

Question 44

who carried out a longitudnal study for computer games?

Answer 44

Robertson et al

Question 45

what happened in Robertson et al's study for computer games?

Answer 45

studied TV watching habits for 26 years time spent watching TV was a reliable predictor of aggressive behaviour in adulthood time spent watching rather than what was watched

Question 46

what is desensitisation?

Answer 46

where repeated exposure to violent media means that people become habituated to its effects stimulus has a diminishing impact on the sympathetic nervous system

Question 47

what happened in Weisz and Earls study into desensitisation?

Answer 47

showed participants sexual violent films and non sexual violent films males who watched the violent sexual film displayed less sympathy to the rape victim and were less likely to find the defendent guilty in a mock rape trial

Question 48

what is disinhibition?

Answer 48

restraints against aggressive behaviours are weakened after exposure to violent mdeia portrays violence as justified

Question 49

what is cognitive priming?

Answer 49

Huesmann= violent media acts as a script for aggression in memory triggered by environmental cues

Question 50

what did Fischer and Greitemeyer find out about cognitive priming?

Answer 50

participants listened to songs with derogatory lyrics about the opposite gender compared to neutral lyrics, listed more negative qualities about the opposite gender