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weaknesses biopsych Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

what is a gland?

A

an organ that synthesises hormones

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2
Q

what is a hormone?

A

chemical substance that targets organs

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3
Q

what is the pituitary gland?

A

master gland that controls other hormones

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4
Q

how does the fight or flight response occur?

A 
stimulus is detected 
aroused sympathetic state 
physical changes occur 
adrenaline released
parasympathetic back to its resting state
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5
Q

what is a neurotransmitter?

A

brain signals released from synaptic vesicles relay signals

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6
Q

what does the somatic branch of the nervous system control?

A

muscle movement

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7
Q

what does the automatic branch of the nervous system control?

A

vital functions such as digestion and breathing rate

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8
Q

what is the nervous system?

A

specialised cell network that collects, processes and responds to information, and co ordinates organs

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9
Q

what is the role of the sensory neuron?

A

transmits information from the PNS to the CNS

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10
Q

what is the structure of the sensory neuron?

A

long dendrites

short axons

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11
Q

what is the structure of the relay neuron?

A

short dendrites

short axons

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12
Q

what is the role of the motor neuron?

A

transmits messages from the CNS to the effector

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13
Q

what is the structure of a motor neuron?

A

short dendrites

long axons

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14
Q

what is the job of a dendrite?

A

carries nerve impulses

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15
Q

what is the charge of a neuron when it is resting?

A

negative

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16
Q

what is the charge of a neuron when it is activated?

A

positive

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17
Q

what is an action potential?

A

electrical impulse- charge goes from negative to positive for a split second

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18
Q

what model can be used to describe synaptic transmission?

A

lock and key

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19
Q

how are signals between neurons transmitted?

A

chemically

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20
Q

how are signals within neurons transmitted?

A

electrically

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21
Q

where is Broca’s area located?

A

in the frontal lobe

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22
Q

where is Wernicke’s area located?

A

temporal lobe

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23
Q

where is the motor area located?

24
Q

where is the somatosensory area located?

Study These Flashcards
A

parietal lobe

25
where is the visual area located?
occipital lobe
26
where is the auditory area located?
temporal lobe
27
what is the haemodynamic response?
when a more active area of the brain consumes more oxygen
28
what is an EEG scan?
electrical activity in the brain measured by electrodes fixed to an individual's scalp using a skull cap
29
what is an ERP scan?
statistical analysis of EEG looks at brain's electrophysical response to a cognitive/motor event
30
what is synaptic pruning?
where rarely used connections are deleted and frequently used connections are strengthened
31
when do synaptic connections peak?
around age 2
32
what did Maguire find when researching brain plasticity?
looked at London taxi drivers who take a test called the Knowledge- assesses street recall more grey matter in posterior hippocampus develops spatial and navigational skills the longer in the job, the bigger the difference
33
what happened in Aschoff and Wever's study into biological rhythms?
participants spent 4 weeks in a WW2 bunker had no natural light for all but one participants their natural circadian rhythms remained at 24-25 hours
34
what happened in Folkard et al's study into biological rhythms?
cave study that lasted 3 weeks turned back clocks only one participant adjusted to the 22 hour sleep/wake cycle
35
what are the waves called in sleep for stage 1?
alpha
36
what are the waves called in sleep for stage 2?
theta
37
what are the waves called in sleep for stage 3?
delta
38
what happened in Stern and McClintock's study?
29 women with a history of irregular periods samples of pheremones gathered via cotton pad under the arm rubbed onto the upper lip of participants 68% experienced changes to their cycle which bought them closer to their odour donor
39
what are the causes of Seasonal Affective Disorder?
depressive disorder onset seasonally melatonin secretion lasts longer due to a lack of light in the mornings affects serotonin production
40
what happened in Draginski's study?
studied the brains of medical students 3 months before and after their final exams learning induced changes in the posterior hippocampus
41
what is functional recovery?
transfer functions usually performed by damaged areas
42
what is axonal sprouting?
growth of new nerve endings connect with other undamaged nerve cells to form new neuron pathways
43
what is reformation of blood vessels?
the blood vessels are reformed to help the brain functions in affected areas
44
what is recruitment of homologous areas?
similar areas on opposite sides of the brain are recruited to perform similar tasks
45
why was the corpus collosum separated in split brain patients?
to reduce epilepsy
46
what happened in Sperry's split brain research?
image was projected to the right visual field and the same/a different image was projected to the left visual field
47
what happened in split brain research during describe what you see?
picture was presented to the patients left or right visual field, and had to describe what they could see
48
what were the results for describe what you see?
in the right visual field the patient could describe what they saw in the left visual field the participnt often reported that there was nothing present
49
what happened in split brain research during tactile test?
participants were given an object in their left or right hand, had to describe what they felt or select a similar object
50
what were the results for tactile test?
in the right hand the patiend could verbally identify what they felt in the left hand the participant could not describe what they felt but could idenitify a similar object
51
what happened in drawing task in split brain research?
participants saw a picture in the left or right visual field had to describe what they saw
52
what were the results for drawing task?
the right hand attempted but failed to draw the image | left hand was consistently clearer even though all participants were right handed
53
what are endogenous pacemakers?
internal body clocks that regulate many of our biological rhythms
54
what are exogenous zeitgebers?
external cues that may affect or entrain our biological rhythms
55
what is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
bundle of nerve cells located in the hypothalamus, primary endogenous pacemaker which influences circadian rhythms
56
how does the suprachiasmatic nucleus process light?
receives information about light from the eyes, which has been processed by the visual area in the occipital lobe relayed to the SCN via the optic chiasm between hemispheres processes information and triggers different rates of melatonin release from the pineal gland increase in melatonin decreases serotonin levels

weaknesses psych (3 decks)

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