Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization

Question 1

Embracing the manufacture, distribution, utilization and provision of
after-sales service of tools, implements and machines for land
development, agricultural production and primary post-production
processes.

Answer 1

Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization

Question 2

Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization includes the use of three main sources of power:

Answer 2

human,
animal and mechanical.

Question 3

its objectives are to
1. Reduce human effort
2. Improve quality
3. perform operations that cannot be done by other means
4. improve timeliness of operation of various operations

Answer 3

Mechanization

Question 4

the benefits of this are to:
1. increase yields
2. increase quality of product
3. increase overall efficiency

Answer 4

mechanization

Question 5

2 models of mechanization:

Answer 5

High land area to farmer ratio and Low land area to farmer ratio

Question 6

Model of mechanization that isMotivated into increasing the level of mechanization in order to cultivate large
agricultural lands with limited available manpower and take advantage of
favorable agricultural commodity prices.
Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia follow the USA model

Answer 6

High land area to farmer ratio

Question 7

model of mechanization that isMotivated into increasing the level of mechanization in order to increase yields
and cropping intensities to meet the growing demands for food and agricultural
raw materials.
South Korea, China, Taiwan, Sri Lanka and the Philippines follow the Japanese
model.

Answer 7

Low land area to farmer ratio

Question 8

Potential benefits from mechanization:
➢ Tractors, power tillers, irrigation pumps, harvesters and threshers
increased cropping intensities
➢ Irrigation pumps increased yields
➢ Harvester and threshers reduced losses which effectively increased yields

Answer 8

Increased cropping intensity and production

Question 9

Potential benefits from mechanization:
➢ Tractors in land preparation reduced 50% of the labor inputs
➢ However, labor for land preparation in the Philippines comprised mainly
family labor
➢ Freed family labor can look for alternative work opportunities; children
can go to school

Answer 9

Increased productivity of labor

Question 10

Potential benefits from mechanization:
➢ Availability of machines allow the processing of farm products and by-products
➢ Take the case of pineapple and coconut. Rather than just selling the
fruit and nut, they can be processed into different products

Answer 10

Full utilization of farm products and by products

Question 11

Potential benefits from mechanization:
➢ Development of harvesting, threshing and processing machines reduced
harvest and postharvest losses

Answer 11

Reduction of losses

Question 12

Potential benefits from mechanization:
➢ Secondary and tertiary processing open up market potentials and lead to
higher retail prices
➢ Shelled peanut retailers earn P0.50/kg or more
➢ Dried corn can extend the selling period and need not be forced to sell at
a low price

Answer 12

Increased value added of farm products

Question 13

Potential benefits from mechanization:
➢ Machines designed to increase cropping intensities and production will
correspondingly increase labor requirements for production and
postharvest operations
➢ Machines designed to diversify farm products and by products open up
various livelihood opportunities
➢ Use of machines will require the putting up of repair shops in the village
areas

Answer 13

Employment and livelihood generation

Question 14

Potential benefits from mechanization:
➢ Local agricultural machinery manufacturing will minimize the importation
of agricultural machinery

Answer 14

Import substitution

Question 15

Potential benefits from mechanization:
➢ Locally manufactured agricultural machinery can be exported to
countries with similar farming conditions such as the Philippines

Answer 15

Export possibilities

Question 16

Agencies involved in agricultural mechanization: Department of Agriculture (DA):
inter-agency committee which serves as advisory to the Secretary on mechanization concerns

Answer 16

Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization Committee (AFMeC)

Question 17

Agencies involved in agricultural mechanization: Department of Agriculture (DA):
in-charge of
post harvest mechanization and corn mechanization

Answer 17

Bureau of Postharvest Research and Extension (BPRE)

Question 18

Agencies involved in agricultural mechanization: Department of Agriculture (DA):
In-charge of rice
mechanization

Answer 18

Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice)

Question 19

Agencies involved in agricultural mechanization: Department of Agriculture (DA):
In-charge of
developing small-scale irrigation projects

Answer 19

Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM)

Question 20

Agencies involved in agricultural mechanization: Department of Agriculture (DA):
In-charge of developing large-scale irrigation projects

Answer 20

National Irrigation Administration (NIA)

Question 21

Agencies involved in agricultural mechanization: Department of Agriculture (DA):
In-charge of vegetable mechanization

Answer 21

Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI)

Question 22

In-charge of grain storage and
marketing

Answer 22

National Food Authority (NFA)

Question 23

Base of the Agricultural Eng’g
RDE Network

Answer 23

Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR)

Question 24

In-charge of
agricultural mechanization concerns in the different regions

Answer 24

Regional Agricultural Engineering Group (RAEG)

Question 25

A government sector or higher institution that has AMDP and AMTEC

Answer 25

University of the Philippines Los Baňos (UPLB)

Question 26

Research and extension on agricultural mechanization; Philippine counterpart of the Regional Network for Agricultural Machinery (RNAM)

Answer 26

Agricultural Mechanization Development Program (AMDP)

Question 27

Testing and evaluation of agricultural machinery; Development of agricultural machinery standards

Answer 27

Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center(AMTEC)

Question 28

A higher institution that has PhilSCAT

Answer 28

Central Luzon State University (CLSU)

Question 29

adaption and promotion of Chinese agricultural machinery for local conditions

Answer 29

Philippine-Sino Center for Agricultural Technology (PhilSCAT)

Question 30

A government agency that offers PCARRD

Answer 30

Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

Question 31

base of the Agricultural Engineering R&D Team which provides policy direction for agricultural mechanization

Answer 31

Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD)

Question 32

base of the Board of Agricultural Engineering (BOAE) which regulates and promotes the agricultural engineering profession

Answer 32

Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)

Question 33

A private sector that is national and regional professional organization of agricultural engineers with similar functions as BOAE

Answer 33

Philippine Society of Agricultural Engineers (PSAE)

Question 34

Heart of the agricultural machinery manufacturing, marketing and after-sales service

Answer 34

Agricultural Machinery Manufacturers, Dealers and Distributors Association (AMMDA)

Question 35

Point or features of machines that may help select the right machine: stands for the reputation of the manufacturer and a guarantee of what lies beneath the paint

Answer 35

Trade mark

Question 36

Point or features of machines that may help select the right machine: take note of the quality of materials used and the manufacturing technology employed in the manufacture of the machine as this will have a direct bearing on performance and durability

Answer 36

Materials

Question 37

Point or features of machines that may help select the right machine: pay attention to placement of controls. Ensure that controls are accessible and soft to operate. Look for adjustments of handle bars and seats

Answer 37

Ease of operation

Question 38

Point or features of machines that may help select the right machine: a machine requires daily and periodic maintenance and adjustments. Ensure that points of maintenance and adjustment are easy to perform. The machine should have an operator’s manual explaining the procedures.

Answer 38

Ease of maintenance

Question 39

Point or features of machines that may help select the right machine: check for safety provisions for both machine and operator. All rotating parts should be provided with shields. Snap clutches or similar devices should be installed to protect the machine and prime mover in case of overload.

Answer 39

Safety

Question 40

Point or features of machines that may help select the right machine: make sure that spare parts and service are available nearby. Ask for local dealers and for the machine.

Answer 40

Source of repair

Question 41

Point or features of machines that may help select the right machine: decide if you will need an engine or electric motor.

Answer 41

Power source

Question 42

With the _ engine, first cost is lower but operating cost is high. W

Answer 42

gasoline

Question 43

With the _ engine, first cost is high but operating cost is low.

Answer 43

diesel

Question 44

Measures of machinery investment appraisal that does not take into consideration the change in value of money over time.

Answer 44

Undiscounted measures

Question 45

length of time it takes to recover the investment or until the net benefits equal the investment cost.

Answer 45

Payback period (PBP)

Question 46

The decision rule is to select the alternative with the SHORTEST OR LONGEST PBP.

Answer 46

Shortest

Question 47

level of operation where the investment neither produces a profit nor incurs a loss.

Answer 47

Break-even point (BEP)

Question 48

The decision rule is to accept the alternative with the LOWEST OR HIGHEST BEP.

Answer 48

LOWEST

Question 49

Measures of machinery investment appraisal that the time value of money is taken into consideration through the process called discounting.

Answer 49

Discounted measure

Question 50

is the process of translating future values in present worth by applying a set of discount factors that reflects the diminishing value of the same amount of money as one moves further into the future.

Answer 50

Discounting

Question 51

ratio of the present worth of the benefit stream over the present worth of cost stream extending over a period of time usually the life of the machine.

Answer 51

Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR)

Question 52

Decision rule is to accept projects with BCR "≥ 1 or ≥ 0".

Answer 52

≥ 1

Question 53

the difference of the present value of the benefit stream and the present value of the cost stream extending over a period of time usually the life of the machine.

Answer 53

Net Present Value (NPV)

Question 54

The decision rule is to accept projects with NPV "≥ 0 or ≥ 1".

Answer 54

≥ 0

Question 55

the maximum interest rate the project can pay for the use of money if the project is to break-even

Answer 55

Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

Question 56

At this point, the NPV = O and BCR = 1.

Answer 56

Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

Question 57

The decision rule is that the IRR of the project should be "lower or higher" than the prevailing interest rate of the bank.

Answer 57

higher