TILLAGE EQUIPMENT

Question 1

Any physical soil manipulation which changes the structure of the soil, kills
weeds, and rearranges dead plant materials.

Answer 1

Tillage

Question 2

Objectives of tillage:

Answer 2

To develop a desirable soil structure for a seedbed.
To control weeds, cut roots and bury green materials.
To incorporate manure and chemical fertilizer.

Question 3

a. higher water infiltration rate.
b. decreased water surface runoff.
c. greater water holding capacity.
d. promote root penetration.

Answer 3

Tillage or objectives of tillage

Question 4

For wetland conditions:
4. To turn the soil into a soft “puddle”.
5. To form a hard layer which reduces water leaching.

Answer 4

tillage

Question 5

3 classifications of tillage

Answer 5

Primary tillage
Secondary tillage
General-purpose tillage

Question 6

initial cutting, breaking and usually inversion of the soil

Answer 6

Primary tillage

Question 7

Implements used are moldboard, disc and chisel plows and subsoilers cutting the
soil to a depth of 6” to 36”

Answer 7

Primary tillage

Question 8

Often referred to as plowing.

Answer 8

Primary tillage

Question 9

subsequent breaking, pulverization and leveling of the soil
making it ready for planting.

Answer 9

Secondary tillage

Question 10

Implements used are disc, spike-tooth and spring-tooth harrows preparing the soil to a depth of 3” to 6”.

Answer 10

Secondary tillage

Question 11

Often referred to as
harrowing.

Answer 11

Secondary tillage

Question 12

Combined primary and secondary tillage in one
operation.

Answer 12

General-purpose tillage

Question 13

Implements used are the rotavators and floating tillers cutting the soil
to a depth of up to 6”.

Answer 13

General-purpose tillage

Question 14

Often referred to as rotavating.

Answer 14

General-purpose tillage

Question 15

Terms used in plowing:
unplowed soil.

Answer 15

Land

Question 16

Terms used in plowing:
soil cut, lifted, inverted and thrown to one side of the plow bottom.

Answer 16

Furrowslice

Question 17

Terms used in plowing:
trench or canal left by the furrowslice.

Answer 17

Furrow

Question 18

Terms used in plowing :
raised ridged when two furrowslices overlap each other

Answer 18

Backfurrow

Question 19

Terms used in plowing:
trench left equal to two furrows when furrowslices are thrown on
opposite sides.

Answer 19

Deadfurrow

Question 20

Terms used in plowing:
unbroken side of the furrow.

Answer 20

Furrow wall

Question 21

Primary Tillage Equipment are classified into two:

Answer 21

Moldboard plow and Disc plow

Question 22

one of the oldest and most important agricultural equipment
for land preparation.

Answer 22

Moldboard plow

Question 23

It cuts the soil to a depth of 6” to 18 “.

Answer 23

Moldboard plow

Question 24

Basic parts of moldboard plow bottom: provides the cutting edge of the plow bottom.

Answer 24

Share

Question 25

Basic parts of moldboard plow bottom: receives the furrowslice from the share; lifts, inverts and throws it to one side of the plow bottom.

Answer 25

Moldboard

Question 26

Basic parts of moldboard plow bottom: counteracts the side pressure exerted by the furrowslice on the plow bottom.

Answer 26

Landside

Question 27

Clearances of the moldboard plow bottom: bend downward of the point of the share to make the plow penetrate the soil to the proper depth.

Answer 27

Vertical clearance

Question 28

Clearances of the moldboard plow bottom: bend outward or sideward of the point of the share towards the unplowed land to make the plow cut the proper width.

Answer 28

Horizontal clearance

Question 29

perpendicular distance between the wing and the point of the share. This also expresses the width of cut of the plow bottom.

Answer 29

Size of the moldboard plow bottom

Question 30

– it was developed in an effort to reduce friction in the sliding moldboard plow bottom by using a rotating disc plow bottom.

Answer 30

Disc plow

Question 31

Basic parts of disc plow bottom: curved plate placed on the concave side of the disc to scrape off the soil and throw it on one side of the plow bottom.

Answer 31

Scraper

Question 31

Basic parts of disc plow bottom: round and concave disc of heat-hardened steel with sharpened edges to cut the soil. It is rotated by the soil during soil cutting.

Answer 31

Disc

Question 32

– rear wheel that presses against the furrow wall to resist the side pressure exerted by the soil against the plow.

Answer 32

Rear furrow wheel

Question 33

Angles of the disc plow: angle the disc makes with the vertical to make the disc penetrate the soil to the proper depth (15 – 25 degrees).

Answer 33

Tilt angle

Question 34

angle the disc makes with the direction of travel to make the disc cut the proper width and allow the disc to rotate (42 – 45 degrees).

Answer 34

Disc angle

Question 35

expressed in terms of diameter of the disc. The width of cut, however, is influenced by disc diameter, depth of cut and disc angle.

Answer 35

Size of the disc plow bottom

Question 36

determined by the resistance of the soil to tillage operation, the speed of plowing, sharpness of the cutting edge and over-all adjustment of the plow.

Answer 36

Draft of Plows

Question 37

resistance of the soil is expressed as

Answer 37

specific draft.

Question 38

Specific Draft: Sandy soil

Answer 38

3 Lbs/in2 or 0.21 Kg/cm2

Question 39

Specific Draft: Sandy loam

Answer 39

3-6 Lbs/in2 or 0.21-0.42 kg/cm2

Question 40

Specific Draft: Silty loam

Answer 40

5-7 lbs/in2 or 0.35-0.49 kg/cm2

Question 41

Specific draft of: Clay loam

Answer 41

6-8 lbs/in2 or 0.42-0.56 kg/cm2

Question 42

Specific draft of: Heavy clay

Answer 42

10-11 lbs/in2 or 0.70-0.77 kg/cm2

Question 43

Specific Draft : Virgin soil, clay

Answer 43

12-15 lbs/in2 or 0.85-1.06 kg/cm2

Question 44

Specific Draft : Gumbo, moist

Answer 44

16-18 lbs/in2 or 1.13-1.27 kg/cm2

Question 45

Specific draft: Dry adobe

Answer 45

18-20 lbs/in2 or 1.27-1.41 kg/cm2

Question 46

Increase in draft due to speed 1 MPH- 1.6 KPH

Answer 46

DRAFT: 100%

Question 47

increase in draft due to speed 2 MPH- 3.2 KPH

Answer 47

114%

Question 48

increase in draft due to speed 3 MPH- 4.8 KPH

Answer 48

128%

Question 49

increase in draft due to speed 4 MPH- 6.4 KPH

Answer 49

142%

Question 50

increase in draft due to speed 5 MPH- 8.0 KPH

Answer 50

156%

Question 51

increase in draft due to speed 62 MPH- 9.6 KPH

Answer 51

170%

Question 52

Formula for field capacity

Answer 52

C=SWEff/10 where: C = Field Capacity, Ha/hr S = Speed, Kph W = Width of cut, m Eff = Field Efficiency, decimal

Question 53

Formula for draft requirement based on soil type

Answer 53

Ds=SpecificDraft*W*d where: Ds = Draft, kg Specific Draft = Kg/cm2 from Table 1 W = width of cut, cm D = depth of cut, cm

Question 54

Formula for Adjusted draft requirement due to speed of plowing (from Table 2)

Answer 54

Da=Ds*value from table 2 (increase in draft due to speed{in decimal})

Question 55

Formula for Draft horsepower requirement:

Answer 55

Hp(draft)= Da*S/274 where: Da = Adjusted Draft, Kg S = Speed, Kph

Question 56

Formula for Tractor Horsepower:

Answer 56

Hp(tractor)= Hp(draft)/0.8

Question 57

3 types of secondary tillage equipment

Answer 57

Disc harrow Spike-tooth harrow Spring-tooth harrow

Question 58

consists of two or more sets of disc gangs cutting the soil to a depth of 3” to 6”. A disc gang is made up of a number of discs mounted on a common axle

Answer 58

Disc harrow

Question 59

Basic parts of disc harrow: round and concave discs

Answer 59

Discs

Question 60

Basic parts of disc harrow: an assembly of discs all rotating together on a common shaft (3 -13 discs/gang at 6” to 12 “ spacing per disc).

Answer 60

Disc gang

Question 61

Basic parts of disc harrow: a washer on one of the common shaft to absorb the end thrust of the gang.

Answer 61

Bumpers

Question 62

Basic parts of disc harrow: two to three bearings per gang.

Answer 62

Bearings

Question 63

Types of disc harrows that consist of two gangs of discs placed end-to-end which throws the soil in opposite directions.

Answer 63

Single-action disc harrow

Question 64

Types of disc harrows that consist of four gangs of discs. Two gangs in front as in single –action and two gangs at the rear.

Answer 64

Double-action disc harrow

Question 65

Types of disc harrows that consists of two gangs of disc. One gang located behind the other and operated in an offset position in relation to the tractor.

Answer 65

Offset disc harrow

Question 66

arrangement to attain maximum stirring and raking of the soil. The cross bars can be rotated to change the angle of the teeth

Answer 66

Spike-tooth harrow

Question 67

consists of long, flat and curved teeth made from spring steel. The curved teeth are welded to cross bars on a staggered arrangement. The spring characteristic allows the teeth to flex and slide over obstructions

Answer 67

Spring-tooth harrow

Question 68

General-purpose tillage equipment has two types:

Answer 68

Rotavators and Floating power tillers

Question 69

constructed with a set of cutting knives or tines mounted on a horizontal power-driven shaft rotating at high speed. The knives slice thin sections of the soil and pulverize them by centrifugal force

Answer 69

Rotavators

Question 70

are mounted on 2-wheel or 4-wheel tractors and driven by the tractor PTO.

Answer 70

Rotavators

Question 71

are suited for both dry and wet land operations.

Answer 71

Rotavators

Question 72

specially designed power tillers for wet land operation fitted with front-mounted cutting blades on a cagewheel

Answer 72

Floating power tiller