AHE FINAL PT PROBLEMS Flashcards by Tia Doan

COPD

disease blocking and breathing related problems
prone to irreversable damage and lung cancer
(emphysmea/chronic bronchitis)
wheezing
dsypnea
hypoxia

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Emphysema

alveoli walls breakdown, greatly reducing the surface area for respiratory exchange
lungs lose elasticity

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Chronic Bronchitis

bronchiole lining is inflamed mucus formed

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Epiglottis

Infection inflames the area above and around the epiglottis
seen in adults now

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Pulmonary edema (CHF)

difficulty of breathing due to fluid in lungs

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pulmonary embolism

a clot of fat stuck in a artery
tachycardia hypoxia dvt tachpnea sob
risk-pregnancy birth control cancer
OZ rapid transport stemi center
ekg
sob paste

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ventilation rate

12-20 rpm infant
10-12 adult

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infarction

tissue death after ischemia (lack of o2 to tissues)

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ROSC

when heartbeat begins to beat on its own again after cpr and defib
initiate transport
treat for shock
monitor vitals
reasses

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Acute coronary sundrome

blanket term refers to blood supply to cells of heart is blocked or disreupted
chest pain
stroke
chest discomfort
pressure
radiates
SOB

aspirin
o2
nitro

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ischemia

class of heart are not getting enough oxygenated blood

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coronary artery disease

coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked, blood flow is reduced, thereby reducing the amount of O2 delivered to the heart

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angina pectoris

heart works harder supplied by narrowed artery is starved of O2
stress
rest nitro

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Acute Myocardial Infarction AMI

blockinf of coronary artery formation of thrombus or embolism
radiates
chest discomfort
epigastric
epigastric discomfort
pt med hx
pt medications

als
aspirin
nitro

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congestive heart failure

implies one or both ventricles can no longer fill up or pump blood adequately

JV
pedal edema
pt meds
significant wt gain
SOB
fluid in lungs

cpap
nitro

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aneurysm

cardiovascular disorder that stems from weakened sections in the arterial wall

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mechanical heart failures

MI
aortic valve stenosis
pericardial temponade
cardiac temponade
pulsesless electrica; activity

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sudden cardiac arrest

refers to an abrupt onset of dysrythmis
vtach
vfib

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Diabetes

low glucose below 60
insulin oral glucose
check glucose

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hypoglycemia

low blood sugar
sudden onset
seizure’s skin cold moist clammy

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hyperglycemia

high blood sugar
lack of insulin
over days weeks
tachy cardia
drop bp
increase urination and thirst

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siezure types

generalized partial

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stroke

tia, lvd, subarachnoid hemorrhage
fast
ams
high bp
unequal pupils
numbness, weakness, or paralysis

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SIRS

less than 96 degress
more than 101 degrees
hr greater than 90
rr greater than 20
ams

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Stimulants

uppers

depressants

downers

meth

upper

solid organ

liver spleen pancreas kidneys

holliw oragns

stomach small intestine large intestine gall bladder bladder duodenum appendix

Epigastric region

stomach pancreas

RUQ

liver gall bladder r kidney

LUQ

spleen kidney

RLQ

appendix

visceral pain

originates from the organs solid- dull achy hollow- intermittent, cramp sharp

Parietal pain

direct result of irritation of peritoneum sharp constant due to GI bleeding/infection/inflammation knees up

reffered pain

pain goes somewhere else due to pathway of nerves Gall bladder= r shoulder spleen= L shoulder

appendicitis

infection of the appendix nausea vommiting pain in umbilicus sharp pain in RLQ

Peritonitis

Infection or inflammation of the peritoneum upon palpination pain fever

cholecytisis/gallstones

gall bladder full of stones bile RUQ epigastric pain r shoulder pain green sputum nausea

pancreaitis

infection apin in stomach back shoulders signs of shock

GI bleeding

bright red sputum coffee ground material abnormal stools

Renal Colic/Kidney stones

kidney stones flank pain to groin

AAA

aortic aneurysm sharp pain to the back inequality between pulses palpate a pulsating mass

hernia

suddent onset of lifting or exertion lump abdomal wall or groin

causes shock

volume loss pump fail loss of blood obstruction of flow

hypovolemic shock

insufficient volumes of fluids in circulatory system

cariogenic shock

root cardiac cause of the hypo perfusion state

distributive shock

caused by massive drops in bp associated with systemic dilations anaphylactic neurogenic septic

obstructive shock

blood flow blocked pulmonary embolism cardiac tamponade tension pneumothorax

compensated shock

period when the pt is developing shock but body is maintaining tachypne tachycardia cool diaphretic skin nausea

decompensated shock

when the body can no longer compensate for low blood volume or lack of perfusion low bp low hr low rr

arterial bleeding

bright red squirting of blood

venous bleeding

dark red flow steady

types of chest trauma

blunt trauma penetrating compression and shearing injuries

classification of chest injuries

closed open

Flail chest

fractur of two or more ribs paradoxial motion diff breathing pain at site shock hypoxia als o2 transport

pneumothorax

occurs when air accumulates in the potential space in the area where the lung tissue adheres to chest wall resp diff uneven chest reduction of absense of breath sounds o2 occlusive dressin

tension neumothorax

buildup of air in chest cavity putting pressure on heart and vena cava pneumothorax signs and symptoms hypoxia cyanosis shock low bp tracheal deviation

hemopneumothorax

blood flow into space around llungs signs of pneumothoarax red sputum

Cardiac tamponade

penetrating trauma injury to the heart causing bloowd flow of sac jvs weak pulse low bp steady decreasing pulse pressur o2 rapid transport

commotio cordis

blunt force trauma when the heart is electrically vulnerable

eviseration

open wound on abd organs coming out sterile dressing moistened with sterile saline of wound site

intercranial pressure

high bp slow hr neurologic posturing unequal pupils

cheyne stokes respirations

distinct patter of breathing quick and deep

subdural hematoma

collection of blood between brain and dura

epidural hematoma

blood between the dura and the skull

intracerebral hematoma

blood pools in the brain