Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Aerobic metabolism
A
The cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose.
2
Q
Perfusion
A
The supply of oxygen and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body resulting the blood flow through the capillaries.
3
Q
How is stroke volume defined?
A
The amount of blood pumped from the heart with each contraction
4
Q
Cellular energy (ATP) is important to the cells because it is needed for the operation of the:
A
sodium potassium pumps.
5
Q
hemoglobin
A
High levels of acid in the body affect the oxygen-carrying molecules in the blood
6
Q
A loss of blood vessel tone refers to an inability of blood vessels to control their:
A
diameter
7
Q
Excessive permeability is a condition affecting the:
A
capillaires
8
Q
How do chemoreceptors aid in compensating for shock?
A
They sense increasing carbon dioxide and hypoxia, and stimulate the respiratory system.
9
Q
Which of the following would you expect to see if a patient’s body were compensating for impaired cardiopulmonary function?
A
increased heart rate
10
Q
The term pathophysiology means the study of:
A
how disease processes affect the function of the body.
11
Q
diaphoresis
A
Pale skin that is cool and moist to the touch
12
Q
What effect does sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the heart have on cardiac output?
A
The heart rate increases, increasing cardiac output.
13
Q
When a patient is going into decompensated shock, what is the one major noticeable change in vital signs?
A
diaphoresis
14
Q
Swelling of tissue due to the movement of water into the interstitial space
A
edema
15
Q
When pressure inside the blood vessels is high, the tendency will be to move the fluid portion of the blood out, which is seen in disorders such
A
pulmonary edema
16
Q
The pressure within a vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel is:
A
plasma oncotic pressure
17
Q
Edema can be best observed in:
A
The dependent parts of the body hands feet legs
18
Q
graves disease
A
increasion of thyroid
19
Q
When severe, the serious complications of vomiting and diarrhea include dehydration, malnutrition, and in some cases ________ shock.
A
hypovolemic
20
Q
In a hypersensitivity reaction, what produces edema?
A
Histamine
21
Q
Dilation of the smooth muscles of blood vessels in a hypersensitivity reaction can cause what to happen?
A
Distributive shock
22
Q
A
23
Q
in respiratory compensation, what send messages to the brain that oxygen levels are too low or carbon dioxide levels too high?
A
chemoreceptors
24
Q
Hypertension abnormally increases the:
A
systemic vascular resistance (SVR).
25
A patient with tachycardia will likely experience:
erratic heart rate
26
Which of the following is responsible for converting glucose and other nutrients into energy within a cell?
motchondria
27
A normal heart rate for an adolescent would be:
75 bpm
28
What concept is developed from an orderly, predictable environment versus a disorderly, irregular environment, and is characteristic of the infancy stage
trust vs mistrust
29
Typically, at what age will a child begin developing "magical thinking" and engage in play acting?
24-36 months
30
A normal systolic blood pressure for an infant who is 12 months old is:
90 mmhg
31
How many fontanelles does a newborn have, and when do they close?
2, by 18 months
32
Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is known as:
shock.
33
carries oxygen-depleted blood back to your heart from the lower part of your body
vena cava.
34
The ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx is the:
cricoid cartilage
35
Bile is created in which organ of the digestive system?
liver
36
Which layer of the skin is rich in glands, nerves, and blood vessels?
dermis
37
What occurs when the autonomic nervous system is stimulated by stressors, resulting in a fight-or-flight reaction?
blood vessels constrict
38
Which of the following cardiovascular structures carries deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery
39
At the base of the aortic artery, where it originates from the left ventricle, is the:
aortic valve
40
The basic function of the pulmonary system that is known as respiration involves:
the gas exchange between circulating blood and the cells.
41
Compared with adults, the infant's rib cage toward the bottom is not as:
curved inward
42
The coronary arteries are responsible for:
suppplying to the heart
43
Which division of the nervous system carries sensory information to the spinal cord and brain and motor information from the brain to the body?
Peripheral nervous system
44
The basic function of the pulmonary system that is known as ventilation involves:
the movement of gases to and from the alveoli.
45
Which of the following is a best practice for an EMT?
A. Always use medical terminology around patients you are treating.
B. Explain medical procedures to a patient using acronyms.
C. Resist the urge to use complex medical terminology when a simple term will do.
C. Resist the urge to use complex medical terminology when a simple term will do.
46
An EMT uses the abbreviation CPAP when speaking to another EMT. This is an appropriate use of an abbreviation because:
this is an abbreviation another EMT is likely to be familiar with.
47
The contraction of smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages is called:
bronchoconstriction.
48
Which of the following is TRUE of airway control of the unconscious medical patient?
The EMT will likely need to maintain airway control for this patient.
49
If you hear a gurgling sound when you are assessing the airway or during artificial ventilation, you should:
immediately apply suction to remove the liquid from the airway
50
Which of the following statements is true of the oropharyngeal airway?
An appropriate manual airway technique should be used before using the OPA
51
You are caring for an adult who witnesses say became unconscious on the couch and slid to the carpeted floor. She appears to have taken an overdose of a medication. What technique should you use to open her airway?
Head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver
52
Which of the following is true regarding the use of a rigid suction catheter?
is important to never lose sight of the tip.
53
During bronchoconstriction, the smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages contracts, resulting in a decrease of the internal diameter of the airway and an increase of:
resistance to airflow.
54
To locate the lower airway on a diagram, you would point to the area:
below the larynx.
55
If a skull fracture has caused brain tissue to be visible in the pharynx, then suctioning:
limited to the mouth
56
If a patient has a medical problem that caused him to pass out and strike his head, the EMT should open the airway by using the:
jaw-thrust maneuver.
57
You are suctioning the oral cavity of a patient who is vomiting profusely. You are using a soft (French) catheter to help clear the oral cavity, but it keeps getting clogged. What should you do?
Use large-bore rigid tubing.
58
Which of the following steps is correct in using the jaw-thrust maneuver to open a patient's airway?
Stabilize the patient's head.
59
When an infant is unconscious in bed, what procedure should the EMT use to open the airway?
Head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver
60
What is the name of the large leaflike structure that protects the glottic opening and that would be pictured just above the larynx in a diagram?
Epiglottis
61
A condition that reduces the number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells is:
anemia.
62
Which of the following is the function of the respiratory system
Ventilation and oxygenation
63
Which of the following is a sign of sympathetic nervous system stimulation?
Increased heart rate
64
The upper chambers of the heart are known as the
Atria
65
After leaving a capillary, blood enters what structure on its trip back to the heart
Venule
66
The muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, is the:
Small intestine
67
Deoxygenated blood FIRST enters the heart's
Right atrium
68
Blood returns to the heart from the lungs by way of the:
Pulmonary vein
69
What structure in the musculoskeletal system is designed to connect a bone to another bone
Ligament
70
A patient with tachycardia will likely experience
decreased stroke volume
71
level of the vocal cords that defines the boundary between the upper and lower airways.
glottic opening
72
a high-pitched sound generated from partially obstructed airflow in the upper airway.
stridor
73
the amount of air that reaches the alveoli
alveolar ventilation
74
forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing.
artificial ventilation
75
device that provides positive pressure ventilations. It includes settings designed to adjust ventilation rate and volume, is portable, and is easily carried on an ambulance.
automatic transport ventilator (ATV)
76
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood.
cellular respiration
77
a blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body.
cyanosis
78
a process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
diffusion
79
a valve that indicates the flow of oxygen in liters per minute.
flowmeter
80
an insufficiency of oxygen in the body’s tissues.
hypoxia
81
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
pulmonary respiration
82
a device designed to be placed over a stoma
tracheostomy mask
83
ventilation/perfusion match. This implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
V/Q match
84
the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing.
tidal volume
85
the pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome to pump blood into the system.
systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
86
sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure.
stretch receptors
87
hyperfusion
shock
88
the supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
perfusion
89
pressure the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream.
plasma oncotic
90
the cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose.
aerobic metabolism
91
cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner, with many waste products.
anaerobic metabolism
92
chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
chemoreceptors
93
the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute (heart rate ∙ stroke volume).
cardiac output
94
air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange.
dead air space
95
swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space.
edema
96
fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe
FiO2
97
98
an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance.
hypersensitivity
99
inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition. Also called shock. See also perfusion.
hypoperfusion
100
the amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute.
minute volume
101
102
produce substances that help the body fight infection.
white blood cells
103
the two lower chambers of the heart. There is a right ventricle (which sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs) and a left ventricle (which sends oxygen-rich blood to the body).
ventricles
104
muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum.
small intestine
105
body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood. Also called the urinary system.
renal system
106
the system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that governs sensation, movement, and thought.
nervous system
107
system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement.
musculoskeletal
108
the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place.
alveoli
