airborne infections

Question 1

main casue of virulence for airborne pathogens

Answer 1

antigenic variation

Question 2

physical defrence and immune system mechanism for respiritory system
1) mucocillary
2) macrophage
3) inate immune response
4) adaptive immune response
5) lysozyme

Answer 2

1) mucociliary stream (smoking) clears airways
2) alveloar macrophage (main) pahgocytic main defence mechanism
3) alveolar inflammatory (innate) influx of neurophils
4) IgG causing phagocytosis, and T and B cells
5) lysozyme digests bacterial peptidoglycan

Question 3

3 infections of respiratoyr tract
1) RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
2) corynebacterium dipheria
3) myobacteria tubercelosis

Question 4

RSV
1) what kind of infection is it and who does it impact more
2) pathogeneiss in terms of G and F protein
3) infecious control and treatment
4) vaccines

Answer 4

1) viral infecion of lower respiratory tract (inflammation of bronchioles). impacts children more
2) G protein binds the virus to host cell. F protein allows fusion of host cell membrane
3) virus spread via direct contact and treatment is bronchodilators
4) no liscenced vaccine until 2023.

Question 5

corynebacterium diphtheria
1) what kind of bacteria disease is it and where is it most prevelent
2) where does it target, resevoirs.
3) what is the active case of pseudo membrane and what happens when organisms releases diphtheria toxin
4) other factors produced by bacteria that enhances disease (dipthin expression)
5) treatment (vaccine) effectivness

Answer 5

1) anceint disease and common in communities associated with movment

2) humans are only resevoirs and grows in upper respiratory tract. extracellular and does not envade tissues

3) plaque at back of throught obstructs airways. toxin damages body and casues most harm

4) express dipthin (igA proteases that prevents recogniton of this antibody at respiriotry tract)

5) vaccine does not prevent carriage and organisms persists in community, so vaccination must continue

Question 6

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1) what kind of disease is this and where does it infect
2) how the bacteria gets into respiritory tract
3) how the damage of disease is casued and percentage of people with infection prior exposure
4) treatment (antibiotcs)
treatment (vaccination)

Answer 6

1) ancient disease but a modern threat and infects lungs.

2) bacteria is inhaled but can survive a long time in air or dust

3) damage is not due to a toxin but due to host immune response trying to combat persisent infection. 70% exposed have no infection. there froe not deadly

4) antibiotics have very bad side effects
-live attenuated vaccination is cheap and safe. effiency ranges from 0-80%

(overall an ongoing and diffucult problem)