Airway And Oxygen

Question 1

Upper airway ( mouth to larynx )

Answer 1

serves to warm and humidify air

Question 2

Where does gas exchange in the lungs take place?

Answer 2

in the alveoli

Question 3

The larynx

Answer 3

has the upper and lower airway

Question 4

Anatomy of the lower airway

Answer 4

trachea, alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles

Question 5

Child Airway

Answer 5

• child had smaller nose and mouth
• more space is taken up by tongue
• trachea is narrower
• cricoid cartilage is less rigid and less developed
• airway structures are more easily obstructed

Question 6

Ventilation

Answer 6

• the physical mechanical act of moving air in and out
• two phases:
  inhalation (active)
  exhalation (passive)
• muscles involved (diaphragm, intercostal muscles, pectorals )

Question 7

Goal of the respiratory system

Answer 7

1) bring in oxygen to create energy
2) get out carbon dioxide to maintain homeostasis

Question 8

respiration just think gas exchange and where does it occur

Answer 8

alveolus and capillary

Question 9

Carbonic Drive

Answer 9

the brain stem controls ventilation based on feedback it receives regarding the amount of CO2 circulating in the blood. THE HIGHER THE CO2 THE MORE U BREATHE

Question 10

Hypoxia Drive

Answer 10

the bodies of people who retain too much carbon can no longer keep up with the high level of carbon so instead of measuring carbon the body responds to low levels of oxygen to drive breathing

Question 11

Carbonic Drive

Answer 11

high levels of CO2

Question 12

Hypoxic Drive

Answer 12

low levels of O2

Question 13

Recognizing Inadequate breathing

Answer 13

• unequal or inadequate chest expansion
• increased effort of breathing
• shallow depth
• skin that is pale, cyanotic, cool, or moist
• skin pulling in around ribs or clavicles during inspiration
• abnormal skin color
• altered mental status
• low pulse oximetry

Question 14

Pin Indexing System ( oxygen tank )

Answer 14

full tank: 2000 psi
empty tank: 500

Question 15

Assessing the need for oxygen delivery

Answer 15

“ oxygen therapy via non rebreather mask 10-15 LPM, or nasal cannula 2-6 LPM to maintain saturation if saturation is < 94% or to effective manage other signs of dyspnea”

Question 16

when do u give oxygen

Answer 16

speaking in broken sentences
skin color changes
tripod position
advantageous lung sounds
accessory muscle use
nasal flaring
head bobbing
grunting
retractions
see saw breathing

Question 17

Delivery Devices

Answer 17

• non rebreathing masks
• nasal cannulas
• bag mask devices
• pocket face mask
• partial revretahing face mask
• venturi mask
• tracheostomy masks

Question 18

Nonrebreathing mask

Answer 18

at 10-15 LPM will deliver 90% oxygen

Question 19

Nasal Cannula

Answer 19

a 1-6 LPM will deliver
22-44% oxygen

Question 20

Tracheostomy Masks

Answer 20

patients with tracheostomies breathe through a hole in their neck called a stoma

Question 21

Humidified Oxygen

Answer 21

useful in burns, pediatric patients and long transports

Question 22

Positive Pressure Ventilations

Answer 22

• patient is apneic or in severe respiratory depression
• do not waste time connecting to supplemental oxygen
• confirm by watching for chest rise on all patients
• special attention to maintenance of mask seal
• gastric distention

Question 23

CPAP

Answer 23

non rebreather is making them worse and they need more pressure to make the chest rise and the patient needs to be awake and willing to work with you

Question 24

CPAP

Answer 24

non rebreather is making them worse and they need more pressure to make the chest rise and the patient needs to be awake and willing to work with you so the CPAP is used
( Optional device )

Question 25

what do you use when a patient is able to effectively ventilate but requires supplemental oxygen?

Answer 25

- nasal cannula - non-rebreather

Question 26

what do you do when the patient is worsening dyspnea but is still conscious and able to work with crew?

Answer 26

continuous postitive airway pressure CPAP

Question 27

what you use when patient is either in respiratory failure or apneic?

Answer 27

- bag valve mask - pocket face mask

Question 28

Airway Adjuncts

Answer 28

OPA: - unconscious/unresponsive patients - prevents tongue from obstructing airway - measured in two ways - inserted 180 degrees or 90 degrees - contradictions : gag reflex

Question 29

NPA

Answer 29

- can be used on patients with gag reflex or clenched teeth - measured in one way - inserted with bevel facing septum - needs to be lubricated

Question 30

Suctioning

Answer 30

- suction devices must attain - 300mmHg - suction while withdrawing catheter - suction no more than 15 secs for adults - if secretions are too large consider alternative methods

Question 31

Rigid Suction

Answer 31

also called a yankauer catheter suction while withdrawing may cause gag reflex

Question 32

Neutral Alignment: Pediatrics

Answer 32

place towels under patients shoulder with kids so their back is in neutral alignment and their neck is not flexing forward

Question 33

other causes of airway obstruction

Answer 33

- dentures ( if not in snugly ) - blood - vomitus - mucus - food - other foreign objects

Question 34

Head tilt chin lift

Answer 34

- maneuver will open the airway in most patients - for patients who have not sustained or not suspected of having sustained trauma

Question 35

Jaw thrust maneuver

Answer 35

using back of the fingers and thrusting the jaw forward and placing h to e thumbs on the mandible