Flashcards in Airway obstruction Deck (8)
Loading flashcards...
1
Etiology
1. Intraluminal
Foreign body
Blood clot
Vomitus
Sputum
2. Wall
Epiglotittis
Laryngeal edema
Neoplasm
Strictures, granulation, malacia, stenosis
Anaphylaxis
3. Outside
Trauma
Thyroid mass
Neck hematoma
2
Malignant causes of CAO
1. Extension of adjacent tumor w/ airway invasion->esophageal, laryngeal, thyroid
2. Primary intraluminal malignancy->SCC and adenoid cystic carcinoma
3. Endobronchial disease
4. Compression from a contiguous malignant process
3
Symptoms
1. Shortness of breath
2. Cough
3. Hemoptysis
4. Wheeze
5. Stridor
In a ventilated patient:
1. +airway pressures, -ve tidal volumes, hypoxemia and hypercapnia
4
Risk factors
1. Lung cancer
2. Primary airway malignancy
3. Smoking
4. Artifical airways
5. Tracheobronchial stents
6. TE oxygen catheters
7. Lung transplant
8. NeurocogN/NeuroM disorders
9. Granulomatosis w/ polyangitis
5
Investigations
1. CXR
Tracheal deviation, mediastinal shift, post-op pneumonia, atelectasis, collapse
? Consider
2. Bronchoscopy
3. CT scan: look for narrowing, masses, SOL, filling defects
4. MRI: vascular rings, aneurysms, soft tissue masses
5. Spirometry
6
Differential
1. COPD
2. Asthma
7
History
1. Active/past malignancy
2. Critical deseases requiring mechanical ventilation
3. Previous surgical interventions
4. Rheumatological conditions
5. Infections: TB, histoplasmosis
6. Comorbidities: smoking, diabetes, HTN, high ASA
7. Assess aspiration risk
8
