AKI Flashcards
(14 cards)
What are 4 causes of pre renal AKI?
Hypovolaemia
Decreased cardiac output
Altered vascular resistance
Reno-vascular obstruction
What are 3 causes of intrarenal AKI?
Glomerular / microvascular injury
Acute tubular necrosis
Interstitial nephritis
What is a cause of post renal AKI?
Ureteral obstruction
What are some examples causing hypovolaemia?
Haemorrhage
Dehydration
Excess fluid loss from GI tract
Burns
Wounds
Sepsis
What are some examples causing decreased cardiac output?
Hear failure
Cardiogenic shock
What are some examples causing altered vascular resistance?
Sepsis
Anaphylaxis
Vasoactive drugs
What are some examples causing renovascular obstruction?
Renal artery stenosis
Aneurysm
Trauma
Emboli
Thrombi
What are some examples causing glomerular / microvascular injury?
Glomerulonephritis
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Vasculitis
Hypertension
Toxamia of pregnancy
Haemolytic uraemia syndrome
What are examples causing acute tubular necrosis?
Ischaemia (restriction in blood supply) due to conditions associated with prerenal failure:
Toxins
Drugs
Heavy metals
Haemolysis
Rhabdomyolysis (muscle cell breakdown)
What are examples causing interstitial nephritis?
Acute pyelonephritis
Toxins
Metabolic imbalances
Idiopathic
What are some examples causing ureteral obstruction?
Calculi
Carcinoma
External compression
Prostatic hypertrophy
Blood clot
Neuropathy
What is AKI?
A condition of acute loss of function of the kidneys resulting in the disruption of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and accumulation of nitrogenous waste
What is pre renal AKI and how do the kidneys respond to it?
A haemodynamic problem that results when blood pressure or blood flow drops through the renal arteries causing low glomeruler filtration
Responds by:
Kidney dilates afferent arteriole and constrict efferent arteriole to preserve pressure and flow through the glomerulus
Release renin which then releases angiotensin, aldosterone and ADH
What is the name for damage / inflammation to the glomerulus?
Glomerulonephritis
