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MSK Biweekly Exam 1 > Al-Mehdi Dermatologic Drugs > Flashcards

Al-Mehdi Dermatologic Drugs Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

mild to severe skin condition that starts out as comedones then can become nodules (most severe)

A

Acne vulgaris

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2
Q

these increase number of cells that produce sebum

A

androgens

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3
Q

bacteria related to acne

A

Cutibacterium acnes
Propionibacterium acnes

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4
Q

what causes inflamed papule in acne

A

fatty acids

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5
Q

these block sebaceous gland and eventually form papule that can rupture in dermis and produce IL-8 that brings neutrophils to site (pustule)

A

keratinocytes

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6
Q

testosterone produced from 3 places

A

adrenal gland
ovaries
testes

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7
Q

what pathway forms hair follicles and can lead to acne

A

testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

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8
Q

initial treatment of acne

A

benzoyl peroxide

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9
Q

2nd stage treatment of acne

A

retinoid + topical Ab
OR
benzoyl peroxide
+ oral Ab

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10
Q

3rd stage of acne treatment

A

topical Ab, topical retinoid, oral Ab, benzoyl peroxide, and SULFACETAMIDE

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11
Q

most severe treatment of acne

A

Isotretinoin (systemic retinoid)

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12
Q

treatment for acne if isotetrinoin doesn’t work

A

oral contraptives
spironolactone

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13
Q

topical retinoid treatment for acne vulgaris

A

tetrinoin

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14
Q

systemic retinoid treatment for acne

A

isotetrinoin

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15
Q

ALL retinoids are what

A

teratogens

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16
Q

retinoid MoA

A

bind zinc finger proteins (RAR and RXR) and induce gene expression for new kertinocytes to be formed

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17
Q

so if acne, psoriasis, and ichthyosis are due to hyperkeratosis, why do retinoids work?

A

b/c they induce formation of new keratinocytes to replace the abnormal kerinocytes causing the diseases

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18
Q

a new drug for acne that is an androgen receptor antagonist

A

Flutamide

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19
Q

not acne at all b/c no comedones; facial flushing in response to heat and other stimuli

A

Acne Rosacea

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20
Q

overproduction of IgE

A

Atopy

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21
Q

this disease is due to overproduction of IgE, increased Th2 response, and decreased filaggrin

A

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

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22
Q

abnormal skin barrier that leads to dry and itchy skin

A

eczema

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23
Q

adult comes in with plaques looking like eczema but “they have never had it”

A

not eczema, could be sign of some other cancer

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24
Q

patient itches skin and causes what in eczema

A

rash

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25
monoclonal Ab used for eczema that blocks IL-4 and IL-25 (decrease in IgE production)
Dupilamab
26
what happens to location of eczematous lesions with age
they change location and start at face and scalp
27
what stage of dermatitis in eczema does spongiosis happen
acute
28
what stage of dermatitis in eczema does acanthosis or lichenification happen
chronic
29
thickened skin w/ increased markings
lichenification
30
2 genetic diseases that have eczema as a feature
Wiskott-Aldrich Phenylketonuria
31
in general, what 2 things to treat eczema with
corticosteroids and immunosuppressants
32
cyclosporine and tacrolimus are what two drugs
drugs used to treat eczema and they inhibit calcineurin and therefore IL-2 production
33
main corticosteroid used to treat eczema
prednisone
34
longterm use of corticosteroids causes:
dermal atrophy
35
more proliferation of cells from stratum basale, normal dequamation leads to
psoriasis
36
decrease in desquamation leads to
acne, ichthyosis
37
what produces lipid envelope that surrounds stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
38
how to get corneocyte from granulocyte
1. keratin and filaggrin help disintegrate nuclear envelope 2. cell w/out nucleus is surrounded by protein
39
caused by mutation in filaggrin
ichthyosis vulgaris
40
caused by mutation in transglutaminase or ABCA12
lamellar ichthyosis
41
patients with hyperkeratotic disorders are heat intolerant why?
because they have hypohidrosis and sweat glands are unable to make secretions
42
to treat ichthyosis: (remember you want keratolysis to get rid of the dead cells in corneum layer)
salicylic acid
43
these are moisturizers that decrease water loss
emollients
44
increase water content in stratum corneum
humectants
45
major complication of psoriasis
psoriatic arthritis
46
2 cytokines that activate keratinocytes
TNFalpha and IL-17
47
keratinocytes once they are activated make their own products that do what
make langerhans cells more active
48
increased proliferation of keratinocytes causes what
psoriasis
49
when T cell is being activated, what allows NFAT to be made
calcineurin
50
when T cell is being activated, what transcription factor produces IL-2
NFAT
51
drugs that inhibit IL-2 production
Cyclosporin and Tacrolimus
52
drug that inactivates mTOR
Sirolimus
53
traumatized areas often develop lesions of psoriasis
Koebner phenomenon
54
remove scale and capillary bleeds (psoriasis)
Auspitz sign
55
decoy TNFalpha receptor that inhibits TNFalpha from binding to keratinocyte
Etanercept
56
Infliximab Adalimumab certolizumab
block TNFalpha used to treat psoriasis
57
Secukinumab
blocks IL-17 used to treat psoriasis
58
Brodalumab
binds and blocks IL-17R used to treat psoriasis
59
IL-23 is involved in what T cell differentiation
Th17
60
Ustekinumab
blocks IL-23 and stops T cell differentiation
61
cytotoxic drugs that inhibit T cell clonal expansion
methotrexate azathioprine
62
what drugs block gene expression and used to decrease inflammation
glucocorticoids (-ONE)
63
drug that is a decoy receptor of CD28, blocking binding of APC to naive T cell
Abatacept
64
Tretinoin and Acitretin are retinoids used to treat what
psoriasis
65
photochemotherapy used to treat psoriasis and vitiligo
PUVA (Psoralen + UVA)
66
happens by Ab's attacking collagen VII
Epidermolysis bullosa
67
kill cells by inducing cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to release granulysin
SJS (stevens-johnson syndrome), TEN (Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis)
68
variant of TEN (toxic epidermal necrolysis) that is Nikolsky's sign positive
SJS (Stevens-Johnson syndrome
69
blistering autoimmune disease associated in MG and thymoma
pemphigus
70
to treat pemphigus
immunosuppressors and corticosteroids
71
Staph scalded skin syndrome does NOT involve what
mucosa
72
involved in mucosa and is full thickness epidermal necrosis
TEN
73
EPIDERMAL inflammation due to infection
impetigo
74
when impetigo dives deep to the dermis
Ecthyma
75
topical ointment used to treat ecthyma (impetigo that extends to dermis and also treats mild skin abscesses)
Mupirocin
76
Herpes zoster mandibular branch of CN V: stops at the midline! if it crosses midline, then what
NOT herpes
77
site where herpes virus remains latent
sensory ganglia
78
to treat molluscum contagiosum
Imiquimod cream
79
drug that is an agonist for TLR7/8
Imiquimod
80
Excessive horny tissue induced by ray of light; can develop into SCC
actinic keratosis
81
defective enzyme in heme synthesis can cause abnormal enzyme in skin and when exposed to light, what happens
natural apoptosis
82
Protoporphyrin IX is used in phototherapy treatment for what
actinic keratosis
83
Tacrolimus MoA
blocks calcineurin and inhibits IL-2 production
84
doping agent that increases muscle mass and can cause acne
androgens
85
diagnosis?
acanthosis nigricans
86
what does adult patient with acanthosis nigricans most likely have
GI carcinoma
87
what does child with acanthosis nigricans most likely present with
obesity, diabetes
88
topical ointment has what in it for itchiness
anti-histamines (hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine, cyclizine)

MSK Biweekly Exam 1 (11 decks)

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