Alexeyev Integumentary System

Question 1

main function of skin

Answer 1

barrier and temperature regulation

Question 2

skin on palms and soles of feet; eccrine sweat gland only; NO hair

Answer 2

thick skin

Question 3

skin that grows hair; eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous glands

Answer 3

thin skin

Question 4

epidermal layer present only in thick skin

Answer 4

stratum lucidum

Question 5

cells are attached together by what

Answer 5

desmosomes

Question 6

cells are attached to basement membrane by what

Answer 6

hemidesmosomes

Question 7

inner and outer dense plaques are attached together by what

Answer 7

desmoplakin

Question 8

blisters itchy and NOT painful; Ab’s against desmoglein 1
Nikolsky’s sign +

Answer 8

pemphigus foliaceus

Question 9

pemphigus foliaceus deals with disruption of cell-cell membrane known as

Answer 9

acantholysis

Question 10

to treat pemphigus foliaceus

Answer 10

immunosuppressants;mAbs

Question 11

Painful, but NOT itchy blisters; Ab’s against desmoglein-3
Nikolsky’s sign +

Answer 11

Pemphigus vulgaris

Question 12

connects inner plaque to outer plaque

Answer 12

Dystonin (BP230)

Question 13

connects outer plaque to plasma membrane

Answer 13

collagen XVII (BP180)

Question 14

Nikolsky’s sign -
Ab’s against Dystonin (BP230) and collagen XVII (BP180)
fluid filled blisters

Answer 14

Bullous pemphigoid

Question 15

most common skin cancer
“pearly”
easily treated if caught early
basaloid cells w/ peripheral, palisading nuclei

Answer 15

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 16

basaloid cells w/ peripheral, palisading nuclei

Answer 16

BCC

Question 17

epidermal layer that has many layers and contains lamellar bodies

Answer 17

stratum spinosum

Question 18

1-3 layers thick and is composed of keratohyalin granules

Answer 18

stratum granulosum

Question 19

2 things keratohyalin granules are composed of in stratum granulosum layer

Answer 19

filaggrin and trichohyalin

Question 20

layer that has dead cells that will desquamate

Answer 20

stratum corneum

Question 21

excessive desquamation happens when the balance b/t what two things is disrupted

Answer 21

protease and inhibitor

Question 22

protein that binds to protease and make it inactive and is encoded by SPINK5

Answer 22

LEKTI

Question 23

increased SPINK5 domains leads to what syndrome

Answer 23

peeling skin syndrome

Question 24

water barrier formation has what 2 envelopes

Answer 24

cell and lipid

Question 25

cell envelope of water barrier is made 80% of

Answer 25

loricin

Question 26

lipid envelope of water barrier is made 50% of

Answer 26

acylglucosyl ceramide

Question 27

most common form of ichthyosis; associated w/ asthma and eczema, hay fever

Answer 27

Ichthyosis vulgaris

Question 28

10% of population of mutation in this gene leading to ichthyosis vulgaris

Answer 28

profilaggrin

Question 29

most severe form of congenital ichthyosis

Answer 29

harlequin ichthyosis

Question 30

characterized by lamellar bodies and mutation in ABCA12

Answer 30

harlequin ichthyosis

Question 31

for lamellar ichthyosis, 90% of mutations are in

Answer 31

transglutaminase

Question 32

defined by red patches covered by silvery, flaky scales and Auspitz sign

Answer 32

Psoriasis

Question 33

50% of psoriasis mutations happen in this loci

Answer 33

PSORS1

Question 34

to treat psoriasis

Answer 34

immunosuppressors, corticosteroids, mabs

Question 35

monoclonal antibody that is a TNFalpha receptor used to treat psoriasis

Answer 35

Etanercept

Question 36

without this, stratum corneum would be brittle

Answer 36

natural moisturizing factor

Question 37

3 factors determine skin color:

Answer 37

melanin carotene hemoglobin and its products

Question 38

color of skin that deals with melanin degradation in melanosomes

Answer 38

pale skin

Question 39

color of skin when melanosomes persist much longer

Answer 39

dark skin

Question 40

caused by loss of melanocytes in certain patches of skin

Answer 40

vitiligo

Question 41

pale cytoplasm with irregular nucleus w/ rod-shaped Birbeck granules

Answer 41

Langerhan cells

Question 42

clonal proliferation of langerhans cells

Answer 42

langerhan cell histiocytosis

Question 43

diagnostic: cells + for CD1a, S100, CD207

Answer 43

langerhan cell histiocytosis

Question 44

mechanoreceptor that responds to light touch, texture, braille

Answer 44

merkel cells

Question 45

markers for this include cytokeratin 20 (epidermal) and enolase, neurofilament (neural)

Answer 45

merkel cells

Question 45

this cell contains neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm

Answer 45

merkel cells

Question 45

Langer's and Kraissl's lines

Answer 45

useful in surgery and have better healing (langers for cadavers, kraissls for live humans)

Question 45

what is between epidermis and dermis

Answer 45

interdigitation

Question 45

most lethal skin cancer

Answer 45

Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Question 45

diagnostic for merkel cell carcinoma:

Answer 45

cytokeratin 20 neurofilament enolase

Question 45

2 layers of dermis

Answer 45

papillary (right by dermal papillae) and reticular (most of the dermis)

Question 45

2 main parts of hair

Answer 45

follicle and shaft

Question 46

hair follicle contains 3 parts:

Answer 46

sheaths bulb papilla

Question 47

hair shaft contains 3 parts

Answer 47

(middle to outside) medulla cortex cuticle

Question 48

what surrounds hair shaft

Answer 48

inner and outer sheaths

Question 49

difference between internal and external root sheaths of hair

Answer 49

external (outer) reaches surface

Question 50

houses stem cells and takes part in healing the epidermis after a burn

Answer 50

hair bulge

Question 51

2 glands that open in hair follicle

Answer 51

sebaceous and apocrine sweat gland

Question 52

gland that deals with holocrine secretion (whole cell as secretory product)

Answer 52

sebaceous gland

Question 53

gland that opens at the free surface

Answer 53

eccrine sweat gland

Question 54

these 2 glands deal with merocrine secretion (exocytosis)

Answer 54

eccrine and apocrine sweat glands

Question 55

this portion of eccrine sweat glands contains clear and dark cells

Answer 55

secretory portion

Question 56

part of eccrine sweat gland that opens at free surface

Answer 56

ducts

Question 57

clear cells of eccrine sweat glands contain

Answer 57

glycogen

Question 58

dark cells of eccrine sweat glands are close to what

Answer 58

the lumen

Question 59

this sweat gland has protein/steroid secretion in response to emotional and sensory stimuli

Answer 59

apocrine sweat gland

Question 60

have much larger lumen than eccrine sweat glands and also deals with odor and pheromones

Answer 60

apocrine sweat gland

Question 61

nail bed consists of what two epidermal layers

Answer 61

stratum basale and spinosum

Question 62

nail structure

Answer 62

Question 63

senses light touch and texture

Answer 63

Meissner's corpuscle

Question 64

senses vibration and heavy pressure

Answer 64

pacinian corpuscle

Question 65

senses touch

Answer 65

Meissner's corpuscle

Question 66

senses stretch

Answer 66

Ruffini corpuscle

Question 67

mechanoreceptor and cold receptor

Answer 67

end bulb of Krause

Question 68

thickening of epidermis

Answer 68

acanthosis

Question 69

breakdown of epidermis

Answer 69

acantholysis