Fields: Intro Integumentary System

Question 1

germ layer that forms epidermis

Answer 1

ectoderm

Question 2

germ layer that forms dermis

Answer 2

mesoderm

Question 3

development of epidermis where ectoderm forms periderm

Answer 3

1-2 months

Question 4

this is a greasy substance that prevents fluid loss; formed in first 2 months of epidermis development

Answer 4

Vernix Caseosa

Question 5

development stage of epidermis where epidermis is developed and then periderm starts shedding

Answer 5

2.5-5 months

Question 6

stage of epidermis development where periderm is completely shed

Answer 6

6 months

Question 7

happens when periderm remains at birth

Answer 7

collodion baby

Question 8

addition of new cell layers

Answer 8

stratification

Question 9

skin cells that form the epidermis

Answer 9

keratinocytes

Question 10

length of travel for keratinocytes and then what happens when they finish their passage

Answer 10

4 weeks; desquamation

Question 11

4 signaling molecules that stimulate proliferation of new cell layers

Answer 11

TNF
EGF
FGF
TGFalpha

Question 12

signaling molecule that decreases proliferation of new cell layers

Answer 12

TGFbeta

Question 13

congenital anomaly caused by excessive keratinization and sweat glands fail to develop; high fevers

Answer 13

Hypohidronic Ectodermal Dysplasia (HED)

Question 14

type of hypohidronic ectodermal dysplasia caused by gene mutation where you can still live normal life, just no cure

Answer 14

Lamellar Ichthyosis

Question 15

a group of skin disorders that lead to dry, itchy skin that appears scaly, rough, and red

Answer 15

Ichthyosis

Question 16

a type of hypohidronic ectodermal dysplasia due to gene mutation where there’s only a 2 month life expectancy

Answer 16

Harlequin Fetus

Question 17

normal amount of time for skin to shed

Answer 17

28-40 days

Question 18

example of excessive keratinization where skin sheds weekly; autoimmune disorder

Answer 18

Plaque Psoriasis

Question 19

most diverse epidermal layer; contains not only keratinocytes, but also melanocytes and merkel cells

Answer 19

stratum basale

Question 20

stratum basale is also called what b/c stem cells are produced there

Answer 20

stratum germinativum

Question 21

this is caused by mutation in laminin 5, which attaches stratum basale to basement memebrane

Answer 21

junctional epidermolysis bullosa

Question 22

epidermis still intact but separated from dermis and blisters (bulla) all over body

Answer 22

JEB (junctional epidermolysis bullosa)

Question 23

cells that reside in stratum basale and produce melanin

Answer 23

melanocytes

Question 24

free nerve cell terminals in palmar and plantar epidermis that reside in stratum basale

Answer 24

merkel cells

Question 25

derived from bone marrow/sclerotome and involved in cell-mediated immunity; migrates to stratum spinosum

Answer 25

Langerhan's cells

Question 26

transports tyrosine to melanocyte

Answer 26

p-protein

Question 27

converts tyrosine into melanin in the melanocyte

Answer 27

tyrosinase

Question 28

AR OCA1 deficiency: tyrosinase negative (no melanin production)

Answer 28

oculocutaneous albinism type 1

Question 29

AR mutation in OCA2: P-protein defect (so no transport of tyrosine); still makes some melanin

Answer 29

oculocutaneous albinism type 2

Question 30

this disorder fails to produce melanin in patches; onset at birth; midline; gene mutation

Answer 30

Piebaldism

Question 31

this disorder fails to produce melanin in patches b/c loss of melanocytes; onset later in life; autoimmune disorder; splotchy

Answer 31

Vitiligo

Question 32

fine hair in fetus

Answer 32

lanugo downy hair

Question 33

sebum mixes w/ periderm in the fetus to form this greasy substance

Answer 33

vernix caseosa

Question 34

absence of nail development

Answer 34

anonychia

Question 35

lanugo downy hair (fine hair) is associated with what disorder in adults

Answer 35

anorexia nervosa

Question 36

outgrowth of hair shaft

Answer 36

sebaceous gland

Question 37

this cell is of neural crest origin

Answer 37

melanocyte

Question 38

hair bulb and shaft, epidermal root sheath of hair follicle, sweat gland, sebaceous gland all derived from what germ layer

Answer 38

ectoderm

Question 39

fibroblast, dermal root sheath of hair follicle, arrector pili muscle, blood vessels, collagen/elastin, and fat cells all derived from what germ layer

Answer 39

mesoderm

Question 40

complete or partial absence of ectodermal tissues

Answer 40

ectodermal dysplasia

Question 41

type of ectodermal dysplasia that deals w/ sweat glands not able to develop

Answer 41

hypohidrotic ectoderm dysplasia

Question 42

type of ectodermal dysplasia that deals with hair follicles failing to develop properly

Answer 42

alopecia

Question 43

excessive ectodermal tissue

Answer 43

ectoderm hyperplasia

Question 44

type of ectoderm hyperplasia that deals with excess hair

Answer 44

hypertrichosis

Question 45

how many primary/deciduous teeth

Answer 45

20

Question 46

how many secondary/permanent teeth

Answer 46

32

Question 47

downgrowth of oral epithelium that gives rise to tooth bud and enamel organ

Answer 47

dental lamina

Question 48

gives rise to ameloblasts

Answer 48

enamel organ

Question 49

produces enamel

Answer 49

ameloblasts

Question 50

dental lamina, enamel, and ameloblasts come from what germ layer

Answer 50

ectoderm

Question 51

gives rise to dental pulp

Answer 51

dental papillae

Question 52

gives rise to odontoblasts

Answer 52

dental pulp

Question 53

produces dentin

Answer 53

odontoblasts

Question 54

neural crest cells give rise to what two "blasts"

Answer 54

odontoblasts and cementoblasts

Question 55

leads to strong attachment of tooth to the bone

Answer 55

cementoblast

Question 56

dentin not covered with enamel

Answer 56

amelogenesis imperfecta

Question 57

failure of dentin formation

Answer 57

dentinogenesis imperfecta

Question 58

brownish-yellow discoloration of teeth caused by

Answer 58

tetracycline

Question 59

two vitamin deficiencies that cause discoloration of teeth

Answer 59

vitamin A and D

Question 60

vitamin D deficiency can cause what two things:

Answer 60

celiac disease lactose intolerance

Question 61

downgrowth of basal layer and develops along milk line

Answer 61

mammary gland

Question 62

is it normal if nipple is usually inverted at birth

Answer 62

YES

Question 63

dermis contains:

Answer 63

blood vessels fibroblasts lymphatics collagen elastin dermal ridge (fingerprint)

Question 64

defect in collagen stretched skin and hypermobile joints

Answer 64

Ehlers-Danlos

Question 65

vascular tumor as a result of excessive capillary growth

Answer 65

hemangioma

Question 66

hemangioma that deals with excessive capillary growth and is a birthmark (both sides of face)

Answer 66

Nevus vascularis

Question 67

hemangioma on one side of face; excessive capillary growth

Answer 67

Port-wine stain hemangioma

Question 68

failure of lymphatic system to properly develop; doesn't get fluid back into vascular system

Answer 68

cystic lymphangioma/cystic hygromas