Alcohol

Question 1

psychopharmacological effects

Answer 1

• acute psychological effects (decreased tension, impaired memory)
• psychological effects (withdrawal, dependence, cognitive deficits > brain shrinkage)

Question 2

first hit

Answer 2

neurotransmitter receptor
voltage gated ion channels
>
synaptic events involving
dampen neural activity

Question 3

complex neuropharmacology

Answer 3

• interaction with lipid bilayer in high concentration
• interaction with ligand - gated ion channels and voltage, at alcohol consumption concentration

mesocorticolimbic dopamine system
intracerebral micro dialysis to measures nms
drugs of abuse increase accumbal dopamine levels

Question 4

alcohol induced reduction intension

Answer 4

• contributor to alcohol consumption and abuse
• indirect agonist at GABA-A receptors
• comorbidity
• reduced anxiety in rodents

Question 5

self administration

Answer 5

• beer drinking in rats
• cat odour avoidance test
• elevated plus maze test

Question 6

anxiety predicts ethanol in rats

Answer 6

• anxious and non anxious elevated plus maze behaviour
• higher alcohol self administration in anxious rats

Question 7

word association test

Answer 7

1. learning phase: respond to 10 words with first word that comes to mind
2. recall phase - cued and asked to recall
   AA and AS difference explained by state dependence

Question 8

neuropharmacological

Answer 8

• long term compensatory changes
• tolerance
• chronic psychological changes when sober

Question 9

withdrawal hyperexcitability

Answer 9

altered balance, neurotransmission
- decreased GABA-A receptor function
- increased glutamate receptor stimulation
- withdrawal and brain damage

reduced dopamine transmission
reduced spontaneous activity of dopaminergic neurons in VTA

Question 10

alcohol induced memory loss

Answer 10

• interferences with encoding of new info
• anterograde amnesia
• White et al - 51% yes
• may be remembered later in in drugged state vs not
• render aspects of declarative memory
• asymmetric state dependent

Question 11

patient HM

Answer 11

• damage to hippocampus interferences synaptic mechanisms
• disrupts induction of hippocampal long term potentiation

Question 12

Wernicke - korsakoff syndrome

Answer 12

• thiamine deficiency
• ophthalmoplegia, confusion, ataxia
• impairment of declarative memories
• degeneration of mammillary bodies

Question 13

cognitive deficits

Answer 13

• deficits of sensory, motor and executive functions
• fronto-cerebellar brain damage
• brain shrinkage