Brain substrates Flashcards
(9 cards)
catecholamines
neurotransmitters and hormones from amino acid tyrosine
- body’s stress response
- regulation of blood science
- heart rate
- metabolic process
hacking catecholamines
A = potential bond drug to receptor site
B = full agonist
C/D = antagonist
cocaine = inhibit DA and NA transporters
amphetamines = increase DA and NA release
risperidone = block DA receptors
ritalin = block DA and NA uptake
reserpine - general catecholamine antagonist, inhibits VMAT, a protein responsible for moving into vesicles
indirect agonists
Bloomfield et al, 2016
THC promotes DA release through cannabinoid receptors
long term DA system dulling
how do we target drugs?
- DA has multiple receptors
- multiple locks for the same key
- some activate easily, some dont
- some excite neurons, other calm down
- located in different regions
dopamine pathways
neural circuits, dopamine travel to regulate physical and psychological functions
critical for processes like movement, reward, motivation, emotion and hormonal control
mesocortical
regulates cognition, decisions, emotion and social behaviour
- originate in VTA
- project to PFC
dysfunction associated with schizophrenia, cognitive impairments
drugs
modulate dopamine activity in PFC address emotion regulation and negative symptoms in ADHD
mesolimbic
reward, motivation, reinforce behaviours and development of addiction
- originate in VTA
- project to NA
overactivity linked to addiction
drugs
modulate dopamine activity and reward/ motivation system
high dopamine = psychosis, addiction
low dopamine = depression
nigrostriatal
motor control
used to treat Parkinson’s
high dopamine = Huntington’s
low dopamine = Parkinson’s
tuberoinfundibular
regulate secretion of prolactin from anterior pituitary gland for hormonal control
- originate in hypothalamus
- projects in pituitary gland
dysfunction = hyperprolactinemia
drugs
DA acts as prolactin antagonist
increased prolactin
decreased prolactin = rare
