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Alcohol and Drug Use Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the number one community health problem in the US?

A

Alcohol and Drug Abuse

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2
Q

What are two reasons why alcohol is used?

A

alcohol socially acceptable
escape from problems

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3
Q

What the two types of economic costs?

A

Indirect and Direct

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4
Q

What are the direct economic costs?

A

health care, premature death, impaired productivity

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5
Q

What are the indirect economic costs?

A

crime and law enforcement, courts,
jails, social work

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6
Q

What are the threats to the community?

A

Greater health care needs
Suffer more injuries
Less productive
Loss of economic opportunity and productivity
Social and economic destruction

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7
Q

(def) Drug

A

substance that alters physiological function of the body.

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8
Q

Psychoactive Drug

A

have the potential to alter mood
or behavior.

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9
Q

Drug use:

A

usually associated with illicit drug use.

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10
Q

Drug Abuse

A

excessive use of any drug.

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11
Q

Drug (chemical) dependence:

A

need the drug to function. Withdrawal symptoms.

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12
Q

Psychological dependence:

A

Emotional and cognitive
dependence.

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13
Q

Risk factors

A

factors that increase the probability of drug
use.

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14
Q

Protective factors

A

factors that lower the probability of drug
use

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15
Q

What are the two things can the factors be?

A

Genetic and Environment

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16
Q

What is the most research on alcoholism related to?

A

drug dependence and inherited risk

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17
Q

Can genetic and
biological markers influence someone’s likelihood to develop alcohol-problems?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What is the environmental risk factor that actually influence somebody to drink alcohol?

A

School and peer groups

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19
Q

What are Personal factors:?

A

impulse, depressive
mood, susceptibility to stress,
personality disturbances..

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20
Q

What are Home and family life:?

A

family
dynamics, development of
interpersonal skills, family attitude,
beliefs, and expectations.

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21
Q

What are School and peer groups:?

A

perceived
and actual use by peers #1.

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22
Q

What are Sociocultural environment:?

A

neighborhood or society at large.
Interventions at the federal, state and
local level.

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23
Q

Examples of Sociocultural environment?

A

increasing drinking age, taxes, less liquor license

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24
Q

What are the binge drinking numbers for men and women?

A

Men greater then or equal to 5
Women greater than or equal to 4

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25
What are the standard drinks for liquor, beer, or wine?
Liquor=1.5 oz. Beer= 12 oz. Wine= 5 oz.
26
Problem drinkers:
consumption results in medical, social, or other type of problem. Personal, interpersonal, legal and/or financial.
27
Alcoholism:
impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with drinking, use of alcohol despite its’ adverse consequences.
28
Blood alcohol concentration
.08
29
Drinking and Driving:
Making progress- increase drinking age, strengthening enforcing revocation laws, decrease BAC.
30
Increased risk of unintentional injuries: examples
falling
31
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
drinking when pregnant Leading cause of mental retardation in the Western world.
32
Synar Amendment
state minimum purchase age for cigarettes at age 18. Loss of federal money for alcohol, drug treatment and prevention programs.
33
How long does lung cancer take to develop?
10-30 years
34
What is the most preventable cause disease, disability and death?
lung cancer
35
What are smokers at risk for?
lung cancer, heart disease (blood clots, stroke, increase in LDL)
36
What are the 2 drugs in tobacco?
nicotine which are timulants and increases heart rate- bad Carbon monoxide decreases oxygden carrying capacity; choking
37
What are Schedule 1 Drugs and examples of them?
high potential for abuse; no accepted medical uses; ex. heroin, LSD, marijuana
38
What are schedule 2 drugs and examples?
have medical uses; scheduled based on potential for risk of dependence or abuse. ex. narcotics, cocaine
39
Which agency is responsible for enforcing Controlled Substances Act?
Drug Enforcement Agency
40
What are prescription drugs?
Can be purchased only with a physician’s prescription because they have serious side effects for some people. Subject to misuse and abuse; opioid pain relievers Risk of dependence and unintentional overdose. Development of drug-resistant strains of pathogens. regulated by FDA
41
What are Over the counter drugs?
Legal drugs other than alcohol and tobacco that can be purchased without a physician’s prescription. Carefully regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Most only provide symptomatic relief, not a cure. Subject to misuse and abuse.
42
Marijuana
Products derived from hemp plant Most abused illicit drug in the U.S. Often used in conjunction with other drugs – polydrug use
43
Acute effects of Marijuana?
reduced concentration,slowed reaction time, impaired short-term memory, impaired judgment
44
What are chronic effects of Marijuana?
damage to the respiratory system (if smoked), amotivational syndrome
45
Narcotis
Opium and its derivatives, morphine and heroin, come from an oriental poppy plant- do not grow in US; drug trafficking problems Narcotics numb the senses and reduce pain High potential for abuse leads to significant community health problems
46
Stimulants
increase activity of CNS Amphetamines: Schedule II prescriptiondrugs; widely abused Methamphetamines often made in clandestine labs
47
Cocaine/Crack Cocaine and forms
psychoactive ingredient in the leaves of the coca plant Powerful and addictive euphoria/stimulant Purified forms – salt (white powder), dried paste (crack)
48
Depressants and examples
slow down CNS- may lower anxety and inhibitions Tolerance develops Strong physical dependence ex.Alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines
49
Anabolic Steroids
Protein-building drugs testosterone: hman growth hormone, body building, performance enhanced drug
50
What are the male side effects for male for testosterone?
Back acne, breast enlargement, decrease in fertility, baldness
51
What are the side effects of taking testosterone for women?
becomes man-like, excessive hair, deep voice
52
Inhalants
psychoactive breathable chemicals- can get them easily and cheaper Paint solvents, motor fuels, cleaners, glues, aerosol sprays toxic to kidnesy
53
Prevention & Control of Drug Abuse
* Causes of drug-taking behavior * Sources of illicit drugs * Drug laws * Treatment programs * Community organizing skills Persistence, and the cooperation of various individuals and agencies.
54
Primary prevention examples
aimed at those who have never used drugs. ex. stop illegal growing of marijuana
55
Secondary Prevention
aimed at those who have used, but are not chronic abusers. ex. ban alcohol at colleges at school
56
What are the 4 elements of prevention?
Education, treatment, public policy, law enforcement
57
Education
Provide information about drugs/dangers of drug abuse, changing attitudes, and beliefs about drugs, provides skills necessary to abstain from drugs, and change drug abuse behavior.
58
Treatment
care that removes physical, emotional and environmental conditions contributing to drug use and dependence.
59
Public Policy
Guiding principles and courses of action pursued by governments to solve practical problems affecting society. Taxes, laws and bans.
60
Law Enforcement
arrest, jail, trial & sentence control durg use, crimes, prevevnt establishement of organized crime, protect neighborhood
61
Education and treatment goals:
Reduce demand for drugs
62
Public policy and law enforcement
Reduce supply and availability of drugs
63
Workplace drug program
under regan train crash- conductor consumed marijuana less productivem miss more work days, mor elikely to injurse themselves , worker's compensation claims
64
DARE
School-based drug education programs
65
MADD (Mother's Againts Drunk Drivers) Alcoholics Anonymous
Volunteer Health Agencies

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