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Chapter 2: Organizations that help shape Community and Public Health Flashcards

1
Q

How recently have the communities been dealing with community issues on a basis?

A

last 100 years

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2
Q

What skills do we need for better response to emergenices & long term effects?

A

Better community organizing and careful long term planning.

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3
Q

What are the 4 levels of Governmental Health Agencies?

A

International, National, State, and Local

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4
Q

What are the three classifications based on funding soiurces, responsibilities, and governmental structure?

A

Government, Quasi-government, and Non-Governmental

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5
Q

Top-down funding

A

a method of funding in which funds are transmitted from federal or state government to local level

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6
Q

How can we be informed about local news?

A

Town’s websites and alerts

like amber alerts

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7
Q

What is a Governmental Health Agencies?

A

Part of governmental structure, funded primarily by tax dollars, and managed by government officials

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8
Q

What is the primary example of an International Agency?

A

World Health Organization; the most widely recognized international governmental health organization

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9
Q

Where is the Word Health Organization based and why?

A

Geneva, Switzerland. (It is a neutral country)

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10
Q

What is the purpose and work of WHO?

A

attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health

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11
Q

What was the most noteworthy work of World Health Organization?

A

Eradicating Smallpox; now they are trying to contain outbreaks of Ebola

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12
Q

What are the six core function of WHO?

A
  • providing leadership for health& partnerships for joint actions
  • shaping the research agenda, stimulating the generation, trasnlation, and dissemation of valuable knowledge
  • setting norms, standards, promoting and monitoring their implementation
  • articultaing ethical and evidence based policy options
  • providing technical support, catalyzing change and building sustainable institutional capacity
  • monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends
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13
Q

How was WHO formed?

A

a charter at the United Nations demanded they needed a health agency with wide powers. Created and ratified the constituion and went into full force on April 7, 1948.

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14
Q

What is the goal of National Health Agencies?

A

protection of the health and wellfare of its citizens.

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15
Q

What are the roles of the National Health Agencies?

A

developmet of health policies, enforcement of health regulations, provisions of health services and programs, funding of research, and support of their respective state and local health agencies

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16
Q

How is WHO funded?

A

Asssesed and voluntary contributions. According to their ability to pay. Wealthiest country pays more. Voluntary contibutions make up three quarters of the budget financing.

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17
Q

What is the primary health national health agency for United States?

A

Department for Health and Human Services (HHS)

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18
Q

How much funding does HHS get?

A

25% of the federal budget (most funded, second to defense)

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19
Q

Department of Health and Human services

A

protects the health of all Americand and providing essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves
has 11 operating agencies under it

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20
Q

Department of Agriculture

A
  • inspects meat and dairy porducts
  • Special supplement nutritional programs for woman, infants, and children
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21
Q

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

A
  • National focus for developing and applying disease prevention and control, environmental health, and health promotion and education activities designed to improve the health of the American people
  • maintains records, analyzes disease trends and publishes epidemiological reports on all diseases
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22
Q

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

A

Charged with protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical devices; ensuring the safety of foods, cosmetics, and radiation-emitting products; and regulating tobacco products

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23
Q

National Institute of Health (NIH)

A

Federal focal point for medical research in the U.S., started as a one-room laboratory of hygiene in 1887, largest research hospital in the world, aims to lengthen life and reduce disease and disability

funds College’s projects- best ideas & scientists

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24
Q

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA)

A

Primary federal agency responsible for ensuring that up-to-date information and state-of-the-art practices are effectively used for the prevention and treatment of addictive and mental disorders. Mission is to reduce the impact of substance abuse and mental illness on American communities.

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25
Center for Medicare/Medicaid Services CMS
Responsible for overseeing the health insurance for people covered by Medicare (elderly and disabled) and Medicaid (low-income) programs. Created to ensure that these special groups of people were not deprived of healthcare due to cost
26
States Governmental Health Agencies
* Assesment of community; public policy; assures health services provided to the local agencies; * medical doctor is appointed by the governor * organized into divisions of bureaus that provide certain standard servcies * Establish health regulations * Serve as a bridge between federal and local health departments
27
Local Health Departments
* to implement health policies and provide health services, often due to decisions from state or national health agencies
28
What are some examples of services provided by Local Health Departments?
inspection of restaurants, public buildings, and public transportation systems, detection and reporting of certain diseases, collection of statistics such as births, deaths, and marriage, provide vaccines/shots
29
What is the definition fo the whole school, whole community and whole child model?
An econolpgical approach directed at the whole school drawing its resources and influences from the whole community to serve the needs fo a whole child
30
Are public health schools governmental health organizations?
Yes and they are funded by tax dollars. School attendace is mandatory.
31
List some components of the Whole school, Whole community, and Whole Child model
health education; nutritional environment and services; physical education; healthy and safe school enviornment; employee wellness; health, counseling, psychological and social services; and family and community involvement
32
Define Quasi- Governmental Agencies
Responsibilities operate like voluntary health agencies, independent of government supervision, some funding & assignments from the government
33
What is an example of an Quasi- Governmental Health agency?
The American Red Cross
34
Who founded the American Red Cross?
Clara Barton
35
What are the roles of the American Red Cross?
Natural disaster relief to victims (floods and tornadoes) Liaison to memebers of active armed forces and families during an emergency blood drives, safety services ( water safety, first aid, CPR, and HIV), nursing and health services, youth services, community volunteer services, & international services Humanitarian War Laws Training and certification 95% are volunteers 90% of emergencies are fires
36
How is the executive branches of the government linked to the American Red Cross?
The president is the honorary chairman and the US attorney general is the honorary counselor and the Secretary of Treasury is the treasurer?
37
Who founded Red Cross?
5 swiss men in Geneva Switzerland- wanted to know about the treatment provided to the wounded in war
38
National Science Foundation (NSF)
funding & promotion of scientifc research & development of individual scientists recieves funds- independently of government
39
National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
advisor to the government- science & tech renowned scientists
40
What are the similarities in between roles for National Science Foundation and National Academy of Sciences?
both fund projects, publish reports, & take public stands on health issues
41
What are non- governmental health agencies?
Funded by private donations and membership dues Created by concerned citizens when the government doesn’t meet a need. Free from governmental interference
42
What are the 3 purposes of the state health agencies?
assessment of community health, public policy development, and assurance of health services to the community.
43
What are voluntary health agencies?
American creation Created by concerned citizens that thought a specific health need was not being met by the government. Exist at national, state, and local level Paid staff and volunteers
44
What four roles do local-level offices have?
Raise money Provide education to professionals/ public Provide services to those afflicted with disease Advocacy for policy, laws, regulation by funding, research agencies hope to find cures for dieases or a health problem
45
What are the three largest voluntary health agencies?
American Cancer Society, American Heart Association, American Lung Association.
46
What do state-level offices do?
* coordinate local efforts and to ensure that policies developed at national levels are in action * traning services for emplyees abd volunteers at local level offices
47
Local level offices
* people hired by state-level offices * most money raised, most education and most of the services * two types of work: professional- medical training and lay- no medical training
48
What are the beneifts of Professional Health Organizations
Group insurance Networking Discount travel rates Continued education Exposure to research through journals Job referrals Advocacy for profession Conventions.
49
What is the mission of Professional Health Organizations?
promote high standards of professional practice for their profession, improvong health of society by imporving people in the profession
50
Philantrophic Foundations
* an endowed institution that donates money for the good of humankind. * does riskier and expensive research on projects that voluntary agenices can't do * gobal or domestic projects
51
Service Social and Religious Organization:
Many do not have health as a primary mission but make significant health-related contributions.
52
What are the contributions of Service, Social and Religious Organizations?
* Donate space for voluntary programs(blood drives, support groups * Sponsor food banks and shelters * Share doctrine for good personal health behavior * Allow health professionals to deliver programs through congregations.
53
How do Services, Social and Religious Organizations hinder health?
* Protesed sex education * Picketed public health clinics for providing reproductive information or services to women * Speak out against homosexuality.
54
What are the contributions made by Corporate in health?
* Treatment of environment * Safety of work environment * Products and services it produces and provides * Provision of healthcare benefits to employees
55
What is the biggest isusse for health in the corporate world?
cost of healthcare
56
What do corporate programs do to improve the health of their employees?
Worksite health promotion programs aimed at lowering healthcare cost and reducing absenteeism Safety, counseling, education courses, physical fitness centers
57
Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs):
goals created by the WHO to build on the work accomplished via the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs).
58
Superfund Legislation:
legislation enacted to deal with the cleanup of hazardous substances in the environment.
59
Sliding Scale
the scale used to determine the fee for services based on ability to pay.
60
How can countries join WHO?
ratified constitution and receives majority vote of World Health Assembly

Community Health (9 decks)

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