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chapter 9: older adults Flashcards

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1
Q

aged

A

state of being old

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2
Q

aging

A

natural process, naturally changes as one gets older

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3
Q

gerontology

A

study of biological/social processes of aging

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4
Q

geriatrics

A

branch of medicine concerned w/ problems/care for the elderly

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5
Q

geriatrician

A

physician caring for patients w/ chronic diseases (can’t be cured byt managed)

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6
Q

ageism

A

prejudice & discrimination against older adults

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7
Q

Where is ageism seen?

A

workplace, insurance, hospitals, etc

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8
Q

What are signs of the us population getting older?

A

visible to the average person w/ multigenerational families & increase in nursing homes/senior centers, older people everywhere

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9
Q

age of older adults

A

65+

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10
Q

young old age

A

65-74

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11
Q

middle old

A

75-84

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12
Q

old old

A

85+
fastest growing segment of the older population

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13
Q

median age

A

the age which half of the population is older and half is younger

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14
Q

How did baby boomers get their name?

A

Fertility rates dipped after depression, boomed after WWII 1946-1964

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15
Q

How did Baby Boomers affect society?

A

create strain on public services and lead to expansion of pediatrics & obstetrics

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16
Q

What happend in the first and second half of the 20th century that affected life expectancy?

A

decrease in infant & early childhood mortality
ostponement of death among middle-aged & older adult pop.

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17
Q

immigration

A

coming to another country

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18
Q

migration

A

leaving another country

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19
Q

encore career

A

new career after transitioning out of work; less stressful job & mostly part time

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20
Q

Why are there more unmarried women compared to men?

A

women tend to outlive their husbands, less likely to remarry than men, & men tend to marry younger women

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21
Q

What are living arrangements linked to?

A

income, health status, & availability of caregivers

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22
Q

Which gender is more likely to live alone and in nursing homes?

A

women

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23
Q

Why are there more elderly people in urban areas?

A

better healthcare and health care providers;
snowbirds- south for winter and north for summer

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24
Q

What is the economic issue in regards to older people?

A

More people using medicare= more money

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25
How will the racial composition will change?
More diverse but older adults population is less diverse
26
Why are there reduced income needs for older adults?
deduction in job-related items, kids financially independent, eating out less and union dues
27
What makes up for the reduced income needs?
Health care & home maintenance costs increase
28
Which generation is the most educated?
Baby Boomers
29
What are the housing major needs?
appropriateness, accessibility, adequacy & affordability
30
What are 5 major sources of income?
Social Security, Income from Assets, Private Pensions, Gov't employee pensions, earnings
31
What do housing represent for older adults?
an asset
32
How are the rates for bachelor's degree and high school diploma compare to previous rates?
Increased
33
What are the top 5 causes of death for older adults?
Heart Disease, Cancer, chronic lower respiratory disease, stroke, Alzheimer's Disease
34
What are some physcial limitations?
walking 2-3 blocks, writing , stooping or kneeling, lift 10 pounds (full bag of groceries), stand on feet for 2 hours, sitting for 2 hours, grasp small objects, and walking up 10 steps
35
What are older adults less likely to do compared to younger counterparts?
consume large amounts of alcohol, smoke cigarettes, or be overweight
36
What are some areas for imrovement for older adults?
Physical activity and immunizations and nutrition
37
What are some dietary concerns for older adults?
Reduced sodium intake Reduced caloric needs Increased vegetable consumption Increased water consumption
38
Why is there a drop in morbidity and mortality rates?
medical science and public health practice
39
What are some examples of chronic conditions?
Hypertension, heart disease, arthritis, diabetes, emphysema
40
How do chronic conditions affect society and the person?
create a burden on health & economic status impede ability to interact with loved ones increased demand for caregivers
41
What are impairements?
deficits in functioning of one's sense organs or limitations of mobality
42
What are some primary impairments?
sensory (vision, hearing, balance), physical limitations, memory probelms, oral health, absence of natural teeth
43
What is not covered by medicare?
eyeglasses, hearing aids, and dental care
44
What is the correlation in physical acitivity and obesity for older adults?
Loss of fitness due to againg and chronic conditions and there are more obese people
45
What are the recommended immunizations for older adults?
flu and pnemonia
46
Who are the perpetrators of elder abuse?
family members
47
What are examples of elder abuse?
physical, emotional, financial, verbal and psychological
48
Why are scammers likely to target elders?
more trusting, more polite and have money saved up
49
Which gender does activity limitations mostly affect?
Women
50
What are 2 reasons why activity limitations increase with age?
chronic conditions impairments
51
What are Adult Protective Services?
Services provided to insure the safety and well-being of elders and adults with diasbilies who are in danger of being mistreated or neglected and are unable to take care of themselves or protect themselves from har, and have no one to assist them.
52
What are the 6 Instrumental needs of older adults?
Income, Housing, Personal care, Health Care, Transportation, and Community Facilities and Servicesss
53
What is the biggest change needed for housing?
Modifications bc of physical impairments
54
What factors increase the exposure to mistreatment for older adults?
Demetia & cognitive impairment Past experience w/ domestic violence Frality Social Isolation
55
What factors increase the exposure to mistreatment for older adults?
Demetia & cognitive impairment Past experience w/ domestic violence Frality Social Isolation
56
What does Assisted living do?
offer housing options for individuals who need wide range of services to help them with activities of daily living such as medicine management, bathing, dressing, meals
57
What is housing the symbol of ?
Independence, family gatherings, place of pleasant memories, a link to family, friends and community
58
What are nursing homes?
last housing option for those who can no longer live on their own and need 24 hour care/supervision provide short and long term care for those needing rehab, or recovering from hospitalization very expensive
59
What are the four levels of tasks?
Instrumental tasks, Expressive tasks, Cognitive tasks, and Activities fo daily living
60
What are Instrumental Tasks?
Housekeeping, Transportation, maintenance of the automobile or yard, and assistance with buisness affairs
61
Expressive Tasks
emotional support, socializing & inclusion in social gatherigs, and trying tor prevent feelings of loneliness and isolation
62
What are some cognitive tasks?
scheduling appointments, monitoring health conditions, reminding elders of the need to take medications and in general acting as a back up memory
63
Activities of Daily living
eating, dressing, bathing, toileting, walking,getting in and out of a bed or chair, and getting outside
64
Care provider
one who helps identify the health care needs of an individual and also performs the caregiving service
65
Care manager
one who helps identify the health care needs of an individual but does not help with the health care services
66
Why don't a lot of older people drive?
physical limitations and income- maintaining the care
67
Older Americans Act of 1965
Federal Legislation to improve the lives of older adults
68
Meals on wheels
a community supported nutrition program in which prepared meals are delivered to individuals in their homes, usually by volunteers
69
Area Agencies of Aging
systems that inform, guide, and link older people to available, appropriate, and acceptable services that meet their needs
70
Congregate meal programs
community sponsored nutrition programs that provide meals at a central site, such as a senior center
71
Homemaker services
assistance with housekeeping like cleaning, laundry, meal prep for elders with physical impairments
72
chore and home maintenance service
includes services such as yard work, cleaning gutters and windows, installing screens and storm windows, making minor plumbing repairs, maintaining furnaces/acs, adapting home to impairments of elders (wheelchair provisions, ramp, railings)
73
visitor service
one individual taking time to visit with another who is unable to leave his or her residence
74
adult day care
daytime care provided to elders who are unable to be left alone offering meals, snacks, social activities, therapy, counseling, health education, other health services
75
home health care
health care services provided in the patient’s place of residence.
76
respite care
planned short term care, usually for the purpose of relieving a full time informal caregiver
77
senior centers
part of Older Americans Act of 1965; facilities where elders can congregate for fellowship, meals, education, and recreation.

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