Alcoholism And Drug Abuse Flashcards
(41 cards)
- abuse recommended limits - 2 or 3 std drinks per day
- results to physical, mental, or social harm
- harmful consequences, control use difficulty, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms
Alcoholism
Epidemiology of alcoholism
- M:F 3:1
- 20-35 y.o.
- large and smol metropolitan area
What are the commonly abused drugs?
Depressants
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
What are examples of depressants?
Alc
Opium derivatives
Sedative-hypnotics
What are examples of stimulants?
Cocaine
Amphetamines
Solvents/inhalants
What are examples of hallucinogens?
MJ
LSD
What is the toxic/lethal dose of amphetamine?
100mg
What are the s/sx of amphetamine?
Elation Irritability Hyperactivity Rapid speech Anorexia Hyperreflexia Insomnia Dry mouth Chest pain Arrythmia Heart block Poor conc Restlessness Psychotic symptoms
Emesis or lavage can be effective long after ingestion bcs of recycling through gastric mucosa; reduce external stimuli; treat cerebral edema and hyperthermia; peritoneal dialysis; sedate w chlorpromazine 0.5
1mg/kg IM or by mouth every 30 mins as needed; use 1/2 the dose for mixed amphetamine-barbiturate OD
Tx: amphetamine
What has their major effects through the dopaminergic system?
Classic Amphetamine drugs
What are examples of Classic Amphetamine drugs?
Dextroamphetamine
Methamphetamine
Methylphenidate
What are synthesized and have their neurochemical effects on both the serotonergic and the dopaminergic systems and behavioral effects that reflect a combination of amphetamine-like and hallucinogen-like activities?
Designer amphetamines
What are examples of Designer Amphetamines?
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)
MDEA (N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
MMDA (5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
DM (2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine)
What are the other names of:
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)
MDEA (N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
MMDA (5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
DM (2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine)
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)
- ecstasy, XTC, Adam
MDEA (N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
- Eve
MMDA (5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
DM (2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine)
- STP
Between coke and amphetamine, which is less addictive?
Amphetamines
What are the primary effects of classic amphetamines?
By causing the release of catecholamines, particularly dopamine, from presynaptic terminals
The effects are particularly potent for what neurons that project from the ventral tegmental area to cerebral cortex and limbic areas?
Dopaminergic neurons
What has the activation that’s probably the major addicting mechanism for the amphetamines?
Reward pathway
The designer amphetamines cause the release of what?
Cathecolamines and serotonin
What neurotransmitter is implicated as the major neurochemical pathway involved in the effects of the hallucinogens?
Serotonin
The clinical effects of these is a cross between the effects of the classic amphetamine and the effects of hallucinogens
Designer amphetamine
What is taken up in serotogenic neurons by the serotonin transporter responsible for the serotonin reuptake?
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)
- ecstasy, XTC, Adam
Once in the neuron, it causes rapid release of bolus of serotonin and inhibits the activity of the serotonin-producing enz
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)
- ecstasy, XTC, Adam
Px who r taking SSRI e.g fluoxetine (Prozac) - cannot get high awww when they take MDMA because what?
SSRI prevent the MDMA from being taken up into the serotogenic neurons
