Surgery

Question 1

What are the 3 obstacles of surgery?

Answer 1

Bleeding
Pain
Infection

Question 2

20th century

Answer 2

ABO sys (Landsteiner)
Diathermy

Question 3

Birth of modern age in anesthesiology (1846)

Answer 3

Ether

Question 4

1956-1980

Its use in dev countries has been mostly replaced by newer anesthetic agents s/a sevoflurane

Answer 4

Halothane

Question 5

1847

Answer 5

Hand washing - Ignaz Semmelweis

Question 6

1867

Answer 6

Sterility abd Gloves - Joseph Lister

Question 7

1928

Answer 7

Penicillin - Alex Flemming (wöw alex close kau)

Question 8

An operation that involves surgical implementation of implants for purpose of repairing a bone.

It may be made of stainless steel, titanium, alloy, cobalt-chrome alloy

Answer 8

Internal fixation

Question 9

What is a surgical procedure to restore normal bld flow to an obstructed coronary artery?

Answer 9

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Question 10

-ectomy

Answer 10

Remove surgically

Question 11

-orraphy

Answer 11

Surgical repair

Question 12

-otomy

Answer 12

Surg incision

Question 13

-ostomy

Answer 13

Create opening between 2 organs, or organ and skin

Question 14

-plasty

Answer 14

Surg shaping or formation

Question 15

Going in the direction of flow

Answer 15

Antegrade

Question 16

A collection of pus in a body cavity

Answer 16

Empyema

Question 17

Surgical removal of the inner lining of an artery that is clogged with atherosclerosis

Answer 17

Endarterectomy

Question 18

On mass; all together

Answer 18

En bloc

Question 19

A surgical procedure making tucks in the fundus of the stomach around the lower end of the oesophagus

Answer 19

Fundoplication

Question 20

Localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the bld supply

Answer 20

Infarction

Question 21

The infolding of one segment of the intestine within another

Answer 21

Intussusception

Question 22

An inadequate supply of bld to a part of the body c/b blockage of an artery

Answer 22

Ischemia

Question 23

Curved inti 2 directions

Answer 23

Sigmoid

Question 24

Surgical opening

Answer 24

Stoma

Question 25

Obtaining pictures of the interior of the body

Answer 25

Tomography

Question 26

A non-traumatic discontinuity of an epithelial surface

Answer 26

Ulcer

Question 27

What is the oldest known disinfectant? - wc are toxic to nb, corrosive to skin - found in mouthwashes, disinfectant soaps, and handwahes

Answer 27

Phenol

Question 28

Exhibits efficacy against difficult to kill non-enveloped viruses s/a norovirus, rotavirus, or polio

Answer 28

Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) | - Benzalkonium Chloride

Question 29

What is the most common chemical sterilization mtd?

Answer 29

ETO

Question 30

What is the most common ethylene oxide processing mtd?

Answer 30

Gas chamber mtd

Question 31

Loss of response to pain (general anesthesia)

Answer 31

Analgesia

Question 32

Loss of motor reflex (general anesthesia)

Answer 32

Immobility

Question 33

Unconscious

Answer 33

Hypnosis

Question 34

Skeletal muscle relaxation and normal muscle relaxation (general anesthesia)

Answer 34

Paralysis

Question 35

In general anesthesia, thus us the period between adm of induction agents and loss of consciousness Px progress from analgesia w/o amnesia to analgesia w amnesia

Answer 35

Stage 1 (Induction) - can conversate

Question 36

Period ff loss of consciousness and marked by excited and delirious activity Respiration and HR = irregular May have unctrlled movements, vomiting, suspension of breathing, and pupillary dilation compromising px qirway

Answer 36

Stage 2 (Excitement Stage)

Question 37

The skeletal muscle relax, vomit stops, respi depression occurs, and eye movements slow then stop Px unconscious and ready for surg

Answer 37

Stage 3 (Surgical anesthesia)

Question 38

Sever brainstem or medullary depression Results in a cessation of respi and potential cardiovascular collapse

Answer 38

Stage 4 (OD)

Question 39

``` Below L1/L2, where spinal cord ends Inj: subarachnoid space (dura mater) --> CSF appears Doses: 2.5-3.5mL Bupivacaine 0.5% heavy Rapid 2-5 mins More dense Headache is prob a complication ```

Answer 39

Spinal anesthesia

Question 40

``` Any lvl Inj: epidural space Peridural space 15-20mL Bupivacaine 0.5% Slow Less dense ``` Headache probs NOT a complication

Answer 40

Extradural anesthesia

Question 41

What are the ways to decrease complications?

Answer 41

Incentive spirometry Early postop ambulation Chest physical therapy DVT prophylaxis by sequential compression device (SCD) and subcutaneous heparin

Question 42

Cockcroft Gault Equation

Answer 42

[(140-age) x Ideal body wt in kg]/72 x plasma crea (mg/dL)

Question 43

Non per os hrs prior to surgery

Answer 43

Solids 6-8 hrs | Liq 2-3 hrs

Question 44

Aspirin

Answer 44

Avoid 7-10 days preop to allow plt to regenerate

Question 45

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Answer 45

Hold for 5-7 days

Question 46

Antihypertensives

Answer 46

Continue esp Beta blockers; hold diuretics the morning of surgery

Question 47

Antithyroid meds

Answer 47

Hold in morning of surgery

Question 48

5Ws of Post-op Fever

Answer 48

``` Wind (most common cause of fever day 1) Water (UTI dehy) Wound Walking (DVT) Wonder drugs (unexplained origin) ```

Question 49

Collection of fluid in the vicinity of a wound that isn't bld or pus D/t creation of potential space combined w disruption of local draining lymphatic cahnnels

Answer 49

Seroma

Question 50

Must be done to avoid permanent disability or death, but can be postponed for a short time

Answer 50

Semi-elective surgery (urgent)

Question 51

Must be done promptly to save a life, limb, or fxnal capacity

Answer 51

Emergency surgery (w/in 6 hrs)

Question 52

Process of wound healing

Answer 52

HIPR Hemostasis Inflammation Proliferative phase Remodelling phase

Question 53

Proliferative phase 3 distinct stages

Answer 53

Filling the wound Contraction of the wound margins Covering the wound (epithelialization)

Question 54

How many days can proliferative phase last?

Answer 54

4-24 days

Question 55

Remodelling phase lasts

Answer 55

Often from 21 days to 2 years

Question 56

FORE SURGICAL SPEAK

Answer 56

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