Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Preventive And Social Medicine II > CN3 Filarial Worms > Flashcards

CN3 Filarial Worms Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are creamy white, long, and filiform in shape?

A

Adult Wuchereria worms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which Wuchereria worm is larger, male or female?

A

Female (8-10cm)

Bcs male is 2-4cm only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are adult male and female W. bancrofti worms found?

A
  • Tightly and coiled in nodular dilatations in lymph vessels

* Sinuses of lymph glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What gains entrance to the peripheral circulation where they are picked up by the vector?

A

Microfilariae - adult female filarial worm produces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What measures 270-290um and is enclosed in a hyaline sheath which is much longer than the microfilaria itself?

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What measures 13-23 mm in length and 43-55 mm?

A

13-23 mm - male brugia

43-55 mm - female brugia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mean length of Brugia malayi?

A

222um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the difference between the cephalic space or the breadth bread of W. bancrofti and B. malayi?

A

W. bancrofti 1:1

B. malayi 2:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When the sheath is stain in gemsia what color will they produce?

A

W. bancrofti - unstained

B. malayi - pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What has a single row of nuclei that does not reach the tail’s end?

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

It has two nuclei which bulge the cuticle and it is conspicuously placed

A

B. malayi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Does W. bancrofti have a terminal nuclei?

A

Nada

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Innenkôrper length of W. bancrofti and B. malayi

A

W. bancrofti - 34um

B. malayi - 30.7um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

LC of W. bancrofti and B. malayi as to its Mosquito Phase

On arrival in a blood meal in the stomach of an appropriate host, the microfilariae lose the sheath in the first how many hours?

A

2-6 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

LC of W. bancrofti and B. malayi as to its Mosquito Phase

Some of them work their way by use of hook at the cephalic end of the body through the wall of the proventriculous and cardiac portion of the midgut and then the course of how many hours?

A

4-7 hours have reached the thoracic muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LC of W. bancrofti and B. malayi as to its Mosquito Phase

During the next two days they metamorphose into what?

A

Short sausage shaped organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

LC of W. bancrofti and B. malayi as to its Mosquito Phase

What is the measurement of the short sausage shaped organism?

A

124-250 in length by 10-17um diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

LC of W. bancrofti and B. malayi as to its Mosquito Phase

By the fifth or sixth day, the taoo has atrophied to a mere stump, the intestinal tract has become well-differentiated and a body cavity has developed although the genital primordial is what?

A

Still inconspicuous

Meanwhile the first true sheath has been shed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

LC of W. bancrofti and B. malayi as to its Mosquito Phase

After the shed the larvae now measures 225-300 by 15-30 um and how many subterminal caudal papillae?

A

3 subterminal caudal papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

LC of W. bancrofti and B. malayi as to its Mosquito Phase

During the early part of the second week, a second ecdysis occurs and the worms rapidly elongate into the what?

A

Filiform (3rd stage) mature larva

- 1.4-2mm by 18-23um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

LC of W. bancrofti and B. malayi as to its Development in Human Host

The microfilariae discharged by the mature females may be expected to appear in the peripheral blood and how many months?

A

8-12 mos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Can filariasis without microfilaremia happen?

A

Yuh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

LC of W. bancrofti and B. malayi as to its Development in Human Host

The adult worms in infected individuals are coiled up in nodal dilatations of the lymphatic vessels and most frequently where?

A
  • In the cortex of the LN
  • In the testicular tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the only known natural definitive host of w bancrofti?

A

Man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
LC of W. bancrofti and B. malayi as to its Development in Human Host sequence
Blood meal --> Rupture of Mosquito's proboscis --> Escape of Mature Larva --> Inoculation of the Human Host
26
In the bicol region what is more frequently encountered?
Hydrocoeles
27
What is the most widespread lymphatic filarial parasite?
W. bancrofti
28
What is the principal vector for malaria in the philippines and is also the vector for in the mount province, sulu, and palawan?
Anopheles minimus var. flavirostris
29
What breeds in water accumulated in the axils of abaca and banana plants and is the mosquito vector in other provinces?
Aedes poecilus
30
What mosquito vectors breeds in freshwater swamps?
Mansonia bonnae
31
What mosquito vectors breeds in rice fields?
Mansonia uniformis
32
What are important reservoir hosts that may transmit infection to humans?
Cats by cat-mosquito-man cycle
33
Animals show direct evidence that infection with bravia can selectively induce what? This may contribute to immune unresponsiveness to filariasis.
CD4+ lymphocyte apoptosis
34
What have been associated with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE), granulomas all the skin, and allergic reactions following destruction by drugs?
Microfilariae
35
What is a classic example of occult filariasis in which microfilaria are not found in the blood but may be found in the tissues?
TPE
36
``` It is characterized by: • paroxysmal cough hypereosinophilia (3,000 - 5,000 cells per mm3) • elevated ESR • bronchopulmonary markings • diffuse military lesions • high IgE titer • good response to diethylcarbamazine ```
TPE
37
What are the early manifestations of filariasis?
* fever * lymphadenitis
38
Recurrent attacks are characterized by what?
* funiculitis * arms & legs swelling and redness * tenderness in affected area (even draft of air is painful) * vomiting and headache (few days to wks)
39
The signs and symptoms reflect the immunologic phenomenon caused by sensitization to the products of living or dead worms and are called
ADL adenolymphangitis
40
Acute episodes of this is one of the symptoms and this acute clinical manifestation is characterised by recurrent attacks of fever associated with inflammation of the lymph nodes and or lymph vessels
adenolymphangitis (ADL)
41
This is seen in individuals who grew up outside regions and demic for this filarial parasites and who got infected by them after migration to the endemic regions
Expartriate Syndrome
42
Expartriate Syndrome symptoms
``` Hives Rashes Bld eosinophilia Lymphadenitis Lymphangitis ```
43
This is due to immunological hyperesponsiveness to the mature or matured worms
Expartriate Syndrome
44
It is due to chronic proliferative overgrowth of fibrous tissue around the dead worms
Chronic stage
45
Chronic stage changes lead to what?
Lymphatic obstruction Recurrent attacks of dermatolymphangioadenitis Lymphedema Elephantiasis or hydrocoele
46
The progression in the pathology of elephantiasis is greatly due to what?
Bacterial or fungal superinfection
47
Development of slow chronic filarial disease
Preceded by chronic oedema at first pitting Then chronic non pitting edema And repeated acute inflammatory episodes
48
How soon can you see lymphedema and elephantiasis?
Lymphedema - as early as 6 months Elephantiasis - as early as 1 year
49
What can also be noted in male and female in the chronic stage?
Male: chronic epididymitis, funiculitis, lymphedematous thickening of the scrotal and spermatic cords Female: lymphedema of the vulva
50
Which is more severe, bancroftian filariasis or malayan filariasis?
Deformities resulting from bancroftian filariasis
51
Rupture of lymphatic seen the kidneys may produce what?
Chyluria or milky urine
52
What is the periodicity of the microfilaria of the brugia malayi?
Subperiodic
53
What is the best time to collect blood smears for the diagnosis of brugia malayi infection?
At night but they may also be taken during the day using the diethylcarbamazepine provocative test
54
Demonstration of microfilaria on peripheral blood film or wet smears taken between what time?
8pm to 4am owing to their nocturnal periodicity
55
What is the case of infection is low intensity, what can be used?
Filtration using a nuclear pore filter or Knott's method for concentration
56
What antigen detection techniques are used to detect circulating filarial antigens (CFA)?
* PCR for detection of filarial DNA * Rapid format immunochromatographic test for w bancrofti antigens
57
What is the drug of choice for bancroft filariasis?
Diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) 6 mg/kg BW, orally for. 12 days in divided doses after meals
58
What is the drug of choice for brugian filariasis?
Diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) 3 mg/kg/day up to a total of 36-72mg/BW
59
What can be another treatment for filariasis?
Ivermectin in single oral dose of 200-400ug/kg BW
60
the swelling is no longer reversible overnight, and the patient may still experience acute attacks.
Stage 2
60
the swelling increases during the day but is reversible once the patient lies flat in bed.
Stage 1
61
presence of shallow skin folds, these are folds where the base can still be seen when the patient moves the leg or foot and the fold “opens up.” Lines or creases not seen in the normal leg are already considered shallow folds.
Stage 3
62
there are knobs present in the affected area; these are lumps or protrusions in the skin that predispose the area to trauma
Stage 4
63
has deep skin folds, where the base can no longer be seen when the patient moves the leg, but only when the folds are actively “opened” by hand
Stage 5
64
mossy lesions are present, brought about by the clustering of small elongated or rounded growths. These usually leak translucent fluid, putting the area at risk for secondary bacterial infection
Stage 6
65
the patient is unable to adequately or independently perform activities of daily living due to the extent of the patholgy. The infected area is foul-smelling and the affected individual frequently experiences acute attacks
Stage 7
66
The most common chronic manifestation of LF is
lymphedema, which on progression leads to elephantiasis
67
What is the most common acute manifestation of LF, defined as localized pain, lymphadenitis and/or lymphangitis and/or cellulitis and local warmth, with or without systemic manifestations of fever, nausea, and vomiting?
ADLA (Acute Dermatolymphangiodenitis)
68
What results in the obstruction of the lymphatics of the tunica vaginalis?
Hydrocele or chylocele
69
Clear or strawcolored hydrocele fluid typically accumulates in the closed sac of the testis, and rarely, the fluid may have a milky appearance caused the presence of lymph—a condition known as
chylocele
70
What is a common chronic disease manifestation of Bancroftian filariasis since W. bancrofti worms have been shown ultrasonographically to prefer localization in scrotal lymphatics
hydrocele
71
What are the genital manifestations of chronic Bancroftian filariasis?
Chronic epididymitis, funiculitis, lymphedematous thickening of the scrotal skin, and thickening of the spermatic cord
72
What is a classic example of occult filariasis in which the typical clinical manifestations are not present, and microfilaria are not found in the blood but may be found in the tissues?
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE)
73
The syndrome, which is brought about by immunologic hyper-responsiveness to filarial infection, is characterized by paroxysmal nocturnal cough, hypereosinophilia (3,000-5,000 cells per mm3 of blood, levels unrelated to the severity of symptoms), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, evidence of diffuse miliary lesions or increased bronchovascular markings, extremely high titers of filarial antibody (IgE), and good therapeutic response to DEC. In most cases, lung function is impaired, with a reduction in vital capacity, total lung capacity, and residual volume. It is commonly misdiagnosed as asthma or tuberculosis.
TPE
74
Chronic symptoms may delay diagnosis, and if untreated, this may progresses to chronic pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure.
TPE
75
Due to the nocturnal periodicity of most W. bancrofti strains, wet smears or thick blood smears are taken between
8pm - 4am
76
What test stimulates microfilariae into coming out to the peripheral circulation, allowing blood smear collection even during daytime?
DEC provocative test (3 mg /kg DEC single dose)
77
Which among the following may correctly demonstrate the microfilariae?
Biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes immediately proximal to an infected lymphatic tract
78
Persistence of severe pruritus in the skin infested with human itch mites will result to _________.
Excoriation
79
Treatment of filarial infections
A single dose of Diethylcarbamazine and Ivermectin of either together with an oral dose of Albendazole is given
80

Preventive And Social Medicine II (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions