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Pharmacology 1 > Alpha agonistic drugs > Flashcards

Alpha agonistic drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist drugs

A

methoxamine
metaraminol
phenylephrine
phenypropanolamine (PRION)
oxymetazoline

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2
Q

what is the main action of the alpha-1 receptors

A

vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels

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3
Q

what is the effect of methoxamine

A

increased peripheral resistance
increased blood pressure
reflex bradycardia

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4
Q

how should methoxamine be administered

A

IV
IM

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5
Q

why is bradycardia a result of using methoxamine

A

compensation of vasoconstriction

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6
Q

when should methoxamine be used

A

hypotension during surgery

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7
Q

what are the adverse effects of methoxamine

A

hypertension = headache & vomiting

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8
Q

what type of drug is methoxamine

A

Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist

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9
Q

what is the effect of using metaraminol

A

increased peripheral resistance
increased blood pressure
reflux bradycardia

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10
Q

when should metaraminol be administered

A

treating hypotension during spinal anaesthesia

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11
Q

how should metaraminol be administered

A

IM
IV
SubQ

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12
Q

what type of drug is metaraminol

A

Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist

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13
Q

which alpha01 adrenergic agonists could be used during surgery to correct hypotension

A

methoxamine
metaraminol

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14
Q

when would you administer phenylephrine

A

nasal congestion (allergies)
glaucoma

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15
Q

why can phenylephrine be used in situations of glaucoma

A

decreases peripheral blood pressure = decreased pressure in eyes

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16
Q

what type of drug is phenylephrine

A

alpha-1 adrenergic agonist

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17
Q

how should phenylephrine be administered

A

IM
IV
SubQ

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18
Q

when should phenypropanolamine be administered

A

urinary inconitence

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19
Q

what is the common name for phenyprophanolamine

A

PRION

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20
Q

how should PRION be administered

A

oral

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21
Q

in what species is phenypropanolamine used in

A

dogs

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22
Q

how does phenypropanolamine treat urinary incontinence

A

alpha-1 receptors in the urinary sphincter
(constriction)

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23
Q

in what cases may we use PRION for urinary incontinence

A

old age
UTI

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24
Q

what type of drug is phenypropanolamine

A

alpha-1 adrenergic agonsit

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25
which alpha-1 adrenergic agonistic drug also possess partial alpha-2 agonist action
oxymetazoline
26
what is oxymetazoline used to treat
nasal congestion red eye relief
27
what type of drug is oxymetazoline
alpha-1 adrenergic agonist
28
what alpha-1 adrenergic agonists can be used to treat nasal decongestion due to allergies
phenylephrine oxymetazoline
29
which alpha-1 adrenergic agonistic drugs can be used to treat nasal congestion due to allergies
oxymetazoline phenylephrine
30
what would be the best treatment for red eye relief due to allergies/ inflammation / common cold
oxymetazoline
31
what are the alpha-2 adrenergic agonistic drugs
clonidine apraconidine xylazine detomidine medetomidine / dexmedtomidine / romifidine methyl dopa
32
what drug acts on the alpha-2 receptors in the cardiovascular centers of the CNS
clonidine
33
what is the effect of clonidine on the nervous system
suppresses outflow of sympathetic nervous system
34
what are the physiological effects of using clonidine
modulates CNS perception of pain induces sedation
35
when should clonidine be given
as a pre-anesthetic
36
how should clonidine be administered
orally
37
why is clonidine used as a pre-anesthetic
1. sedation 2. muscle relaxation 3. analgesic effect
38
when can clonidine be administered
pre-operative sedation hypertension control anxiety
39
what are some of the adverse effects of clonidine
dry mouth sedation REBOUND HYPERTENSION BRADY CARDIA sexual disfunction
40
which alpha-2 adrenergic agonistic drug could have an off-the-counter use as an antidepressant
clonidine
41
what type of drug is apraclonidine
alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
42
what would you want to treat with apraclonidine
glaucoma
43
what is the effect of the administration of apraclonidine
reduces intraocular pressure via decrease in aqueous humor production
44
which alpha-2 adrenergic agonist would you use to treat glaucoma
apraclonidine
45
what type of drug is xylazine
alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
46
how does xylazine work
activation of alpha-2 A subtype receptor in the locus coeruleus of brainstem and spinal cord
47
what is the function of the locus coeruleus
norepinephrine production
48
in what species should xylazine be administered
large animal species
49
what are the effects of xylazine
sedation muscle relaxation analgesic effects
50
when should xylazine be used
anaesthetic premedication
51
what are the adverse effects of xylazine
1. bradycardia 2. conduction disturbances 3. myocardial depression
52
which alpha-2 adrenergic agonist is more commonly used in large animal species
xylazine
53
which alpha-2 adrenergic agonist is strictly used in horses
detomidine
54
what are the characteristics of detomidine
sedative with analgesic action
55
when should detomidine be administered
sedation and anaesthetic premed
56
how is detomidine administered
IV
57
what other drugs can detomidine be administered with
butorphanol ketamine
58
why is detomidine combined with butorphanol
improve analgesia & depth of sedation
59
why is detomidine paired with ketamine
detomidine is used as a pre-med ketamine is used as the general anaethesia
60
what type of drug is medetomidine
alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
61
what is the effect of medetomidine
sedation with analgesic action
62
in what species should medetomidine be used
small animals horses
63
when is medetomidine be administered
to treat emergence delirium following anaesthesia
64
what is the more potent derivative of medetomidine
dexmedetomidine
65
in what species is dexmedetomidine used
small animals
66
why is dexmedetomidine a better option in small animals
higher potency = 1/2 amount needed
67
which derivative of medetomidine can be used in horses
romifidine
68
how is romifidine administered
IV
69
which alpha-2 adrenergic agonistic drug should be used when wanting to treat emergence delirium following anaesthesia in a dog
dexmedetomidine
70
which alpha-2 adrenergic agonist is used as a centrally acting antihypertensive agent
methyl dopa
71
how is methyl dopa metabolized
by alpha-methyl norepinephrine in the brain
72
what type of agonist is methyl dopa
competitive inhibitor of DOPA decarboxylase
73
what are the effects of using methyl dopa
antihypertensive agent
74
when should methyl dopa be administered
hypertensive patients to lower blood pressure
75
what are the therapeutic uses of alpha 1-adrenergic drugs
1. hypotension 2. urinary incontinence 3. mydriatic 4. nasal deongestant
76
what are the therapeutic uses of alpha-2 adrenergic drugs
1. anaesthetic premedication 2. glaucoma hypertension
77
what drugs can be used as anaesthetic premedications
medetomidine / dexmedetomidine detomidine xylazine clonidine
78
what drug can be used to treat glaucoma
apraclonidine
79
what drugs are used to treat hypertension
clonidine methyl dopa
80
what drugs can be used to treat hypotension
methoxamine metaraminol

Pharmacology 1 (10 decks)

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