Introduction to Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 1

sympathetic & parasympathetic

Question 2

what is the function of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 2

regulates the activity of exocrine glands, smooth muscles, visceral organs etc.

Question 3

what is responsible for maintaining homeostasis

Answer 3

ANS

Question 4

what are the parts to outflow tract of information

Answer 4

preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

Question 5

where is the cell body of the preganglionic neuron

Answer 5

central nervous system

Question 6

where is the location of the synapse of the preganglionic axon with the ganglionic neuronal body

Answer 6

outside CNS with an autonomic ganglion

Question 7

what does the post ganglionic axon create

Answer 7

neuroeffector junction

Question 8

what ganglia is found bilateral to the vertebral column

Answer 8

paravertebral ganglia

Question 9

what ganglia is comprised of a celiac, cranial mesenteric and caudal mesenteric ganglia

Answer 9

prevertebral ganglia

Question 10

what structure functions homologous to sympathetic ganglion

Answer 10

adrenal medulla

Question 11

True or False:

The adrenal medulla does not have post synaptic neuron

Answer 11

true

Question 12

what do the cells of the adrenal medulla secrete

Answer 12

norepinephrine & epinephrine

Question 13

what are the secretory cells of the adrenal medulla

Answer 13

chromaffin cells

Question 14

which fibers of the sympathetic nervous system are shorter

Answer 14

preganglionic

Question 15

which neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate form the ganglia and innervate the effector tissue

Answer 15

postganglionic neurons

Question 16

what do preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system release

Answer 16

Acetylcholine

Question 17

which receptors does acetylcholine bind/interact with

Answer 17

nicotinic receptors

Question 18

what do postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system release

Answer 18

norepinephrine

Question 19

which receptors does norepinephrine bind/interact with

Answer 19

adrenergic receptors

Question 20

where are nicotinic receptors found

Answer 20

ganglionic neurons or adrenal medulla

Question 21

where are adrenergic receptors found

Answer 21

effector tissues

Question 22

what kind of response is distributed by acetylcholine and norepinephrine

Answer 22

widely distributed response

Question 23

sympathetic neuron + adrenal medulla =

Answer 23

sympatho-adrenomedullary axis

Question 24

what is the range of control from the sympatho-adrenomedullary axis

Answer 24

extreme reactivity to maintaining homeostasis

Question 25

where do the preganglionic neurons originate in the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 25

midbrain medulla oblongata sacral spinal cord

Question 26

what does the preganglionic neurons create/ form

Answer 26

craniosacral out flow

Question 27

what nerve is used to deliver parasympathetic messages to the thoracic and abdominal viscera

Answer 27

vagus nerve

Question 28

what nerve carries parasympathetic messages to the pelvic nerves

Answer 28

sacral spinal cord

Question 29

True or False: postganglionic neurons are short in the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 29

true

Question 30

what do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons release

Answer 30

acetylcholine

Question 31

what do postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release

Answer 31

acetylcholine

Question 32

True or False: both pre- and post- ganglionic neurons release acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 32

true

Question 33

what type of response is generated in the parasympathetic nervous system pathway

Answer 33

discrete response

Question 34

what does the parasympathetic nervous system generate

Answer 34

biological energy

Question 35

what is the origin of the sympathetic neurons

Answer 35

thoracolumbar

Question 36

what is the origin of the parasympathetic neurons

Answer 36

craniosacral

Question 37

what response is generated in the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 37

fight or flight

Question 38

what are the 2 exceptions of the sympathetic neuroeffector junction neurotransmitters

Answer 38

sweat glands = acetylcholine renal vascular smooth muscle = dopamine

Question 39

what do non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic neurons release at the postganglionic terminal

Answer 39

nitric oxide (NO)

Question 40

what do NANC neurons release at the preganglionic neuron terminal release

Answer 40

acetylcholine

Question 41

what is the effect of nitric oxide

Answer 41

vasodilation

Question 42

what is the principal supraspinal site involved in the modulation of both sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow

Answer 42

hypothalamus