Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > Altered bowel habit > Flashcards

Altered bowel habit Flashcards

1
Q

What is coeliac disease?

A

Systemic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten peptides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Genes associated with coeliac?

A

HLA-DQ2 or -DQ8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Symptoms of coeliac?

A 
Diarrhoea
Bloating
Abdo pain
Anaemia
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Osteoporosis
Fatigue
Weight loss
Dental enamel hypoplasia
Cerebellar ataxia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atypical coeliac disease?

A

Lack GI symptoms

Present with deficiency states or extra intestinal manifestations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Silent coeliac disease?

A

Serological and histological evidence of disease but no symptoms, signs or deficiency sates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Non-responsive coeliac disease?

A

Fails to improve within 6 months of gluten withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diseases associated with coeliac?

A

T1 diabetes

Autoimmune thyroid disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Puritic papulovesicular rash associated with coeliac disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Investigations for coeliac?

A

IgA-tTG - tissue transglutminase
Endomysial antibody
IgG DGP - deaminated gliadin peptide
Biopsy - villous atrophy,, crypt hyperplasia, lymphocytic infiltration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Complications of coeliac disease?

A

Osteoporosis
Malignancy
Pancreatits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define diarrhoea?

A

Three or more liquid stools a day or stools that are more frequent than what is normal for the individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acute diarrhoea?

A

<14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Persistent diarrhoea?

A

> 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chronic diarrhoea?

A

> 4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Inflammatory diarrhoea?

A 
Associated with infection, ischemia and IBD
Mucoid/blood present
Tenesmus
Fever
Crampy abdominal pain
Small in volume
Frequent bowel movements
GI histology abnormal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Non-inflammatory diarrhoea?

A

Watery, large volume
V frequent - >10-20 per day
No other symptoms
GI histology preserved

17
Q

Examples of non-inflammatory diarrhoea?

A

Secretory - enterotoxins, laxatives, hormonal agents

Osmotic - maldigestion, malabsorption

18
Q

Causes of non-infectious acute diarrhoea?

A 
Anxiety
Allergies
Appendicitis
Radiation enteritis
Ischemia
Acute presentation of chronic bowel conditions
Drugs
19
Q

Drugs causing diarrhoea?

A 
Antibiotics
Antactids
Quinidine
Beta blockers
Hydochlorothiazide
NSAIDs
Chemotherapy drugs
Antiretroviral drugs
Acid reducing agents
20
Q

Common pathogens causing diarrhoea?

A 
Salmonella
Campylobacter
Vibrio cholera
Shigella
E. coli
C. difficile
C. perfringens
21
Q

Causes of chronic diarrhoea?

A 
Irritable bowel syndrome
Infection - giardia, cryptosporidium, entamoeba histolytica
IBD
Colitis
Coeliac
Malabsorption 
Malignancy
Diverticular disease
Neuropathy
Laxative use
22
Q

What is factitious diarrhoea?

A

Laxative abuse causing deliberate diarrhoea

23
Q

What is microscopic colitis?

A

Type of inflammatory bowel disease
Watery diarrhoea
Normal colonoscopy
Abnormal histology

24
Q

What can cause malabsorption?

A 
Chronic pancreatitis
Gastrectomy
Tropical sprue
Lactose intolerance
Bacterial overgrowth
Lymphoma
Cystic fibrosis
25
Q

Complications of diarrhoea?

A

Dehydration

Electrolyte disturbances

26
Q

Define constipation?

A

Passing less frequently or passing small hard stools

27
Q

Causes of constipation?

A 
Lack of dietary fibre
Dehydration
IBS
Old age
Anorectal disease
Medications
Hypothyroidism
Hypercalcemia
Pregnancy
28
Q

How does ispaghula husk work?

A

Increases focal mass – stimulates peristalsis

Take with large quantities of water

29
Q

How do stimulant laxatives work?

A

Increase gastric motility
Senna
Biscodyl
Sodium pico sulphate

30
Q

When to use stool softeners?

A

Anal fissures

31
Q

Osmotic laxatives?

A 
Retain fluid in bowel 
Rapid bowel evacuation
Lactulose
Macrogols
Magnesium salts
32
Q

What is faecal impaction?

A

Solid, immobile bulk of faeces that can develop as a result of chronic constipation

33
Q

What is encopresis?

A

Overflow diarrhoea - liquid stool passes around obstruction

GI (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions