alveolar bone Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
types of bone
A
Cortical (compact) bone
Trabecular (cancellous/ spongy) bone
2
Q
what else is included in bone besides the actual bone
A
periosteum(outside)
endosteum (inside)
neurovascular supply
Marrow space
3
Q
the secondary osteon
A
The haversion system (main functional unit of cortical bone)
4
Q
the wall of the haversion system
A
concentric lamellae
5
Q
the central canal of the haversion system
A
haversian canal with nerve and blood supply
6
Q
main cell of the haversion system
A
osteocyte
7
Q
separation between osteons
A
Interstitial lamellae
8
Q
connection between osteons
A
Volkmann’s canals
9
Q
the circular layers of each osteon
A
Concentric lamellae
10
Q
lamellae that run parallel to the bone near its surface
A
Circumferential lamelae
11
Q
fills the space between osteons
A
Interstitial lamella
12
Q
where osteocytes reisde
A
lacunae
13
Q
connect lacunae
A
canaliculi
14
Q
inorganic matrix of bone
A
Hydroxyapaties (2/3 of bone)
15
Q
organic matrix of bone
A
1/3 of bone
80% collagen
mucopolysaccharides
non-collagenous proteins
16
Q
lineage for bone cells
A
Mesenchymal stem cells
17
Q
dvelopement of bone cells
A
Mesenchymal stem cells Osteoprogenitor pre-osteoblasts osteoblast osteocyte and lining cell
18
Q
what is the lineage for OSteoclasts
A
Haematopoietic stem cells
19
Q
development of osteoclasts
A
Hematopoietic stem cells Multipotenet progenitor common myleoid progenior GMP monoctes Osteoclasts
20
Q
other names for mesenchymal stem cells in the past
A
colony-forming firboblastss (CFU-F)
Marrow stromal cells
21
Q
what can Mesenchyme stem cells become
A
Potential to differentiate into multiple cell types
22
Q
Morphological features of mesenchymal stem cells
A
Small cell body
few cell processes
23
Q
how can we get Mesenchymal stem cells
A
From bone marrow aspiration
then isolated to expansion
24
Q
How can we confirm that its mesenchymal stem cells that we have
A
Expression of MSC markers (CD44, CD105) but not hematopoietic stem cell markers (CD45 and CD11b)
also: ability of osteogeneic, chondrogenic, and adiogenic differentiation
25
How can we tell a difference between mandibular and tibial bone marrow MSC's
proliferarion (higher in mandible
Micro-array
real time PCR(higher fold change in Mandibule)
26
what is MSC's important for mandibular bone regeneration
Mandibular sitraction osteogenesis leads is much smaller using Bone marrow stem cells than contol both verticle and horizontally
27
Classic mechanism for bone regrowth using mSC
Empower local bone regeneration by providing a large source of MSC and growth factors hense bossting or bypassing the slow MSC recruitment process
28
steps of Classical mech for MSC transplantation for bone formation
```
MSC transplantation
Nutrients, O2, and others growth facros
MSC survival and proliferation
Cytokines growth factors and cells
MSC differentiation into osteoblasts
Cytolines, calcium and phosphorus
new bone formation
```
29
location of osteoblasts
Bone surface
30
Morpholoy of osteoblasts
Cuboidal
| Mononucleated
31
staining of osteoblasts
HE shows basophilic cytoplasm due to large quantity of RER
32
Major function of osteoblasts
Synth and secrete ECM
33
what does osteoblasts secrete
Collagen type I, III, V
Glycoproteins (Alkaline, phosphatase, Osteonectin)
Glycoaminoglycan-containing proteins ( Aggrecan, Versican, Decorin, Biglycan, Hyaluran)
Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE):
RGD-containing glycoproteins (Thrombospondis, Fibronectin, Vitronectin, Fibrillin 1 and 2)
Small insulin-binding N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLING): (Osteopontin, Bone sialoproteins)
gamma-Carboxy glutamic acid containing proteins:(Matrix Gla protein, Osteocalcin)
34
what features show the osteoblasts are very metabolically active
SIBLING
| MEPE
35
what allows for matrix mineralization
```
TNAP
NPP1
NTP
ANK
BSP
```
36
TNAP
Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatas
37
NPP1
Nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase
38
NTP
nuceloside triphosphates
39
ANK
Ankylosis protein
40
BSP
Bone sialoprotein
41
what does NTP turn into
PC-1 gives PPi
| TNAP gives Pi
42
what turns PP into Pi
TNAP
43
Calcium and Phosphorus reach what concentration in vesciles
Reach high concetrations without being saturated
44
what system regulates osteoclasts
The OPG/RANKL/ RANK system via Molecular interactions
45
Roll of RANKL
stimulate osteoblast differentation and maturation
46
roll of OPG
Binds to RANKL and indirctly inhibits osteoclast differentation
47
roll of osteocytes
Bone maintaining
48
how do osteocytes form
Derived from osteoblasts when buring in the matrix
49
location of osteocytes
In lacunae inside the matrix
50
commonness of osteocytes
Most abundant cel type in bone
51
morphology of osteocytes
Mononucleated
| Multiple dentricitic processes
52
function of osteocytes
REgulate osteblasts and osteoclasts through cell process
| Maintain bone vitality and function
53
what can OSteocytes sense
MEchanical loading via fluid flow leading to compression
54
what happens when osteocytes sense loading
regulate bone formation/resportpion mainly through the sclerostin OPG/RNAKL system
55
what is only expressed in osteocytes not in any other bone cells
Sclerostin
56
how does Sclerostin work
inhibits the WNT pathway leading to decreased bone formation (less Sclerostin leads to increased bone)
57
morphology of osteoclasts
LArgest of all bone cell types
multinucleated
lots of mitochondria
vesicles of acid phosphatase
58
LOcation of Osteoclasts
Located on bone surface (Howship's lacunae)
59
what does the cytoplasm of OSteoclasts possitive to
Tartrate restistant acid phosphatas
60
zones of osteoclasts
Sealing zone
| Ruffled border
61
Roll of the sealing zone of osteoclasts
attachment and sealing
62
Roll of the ruffled border of osteoclasts
```
Pump H+ for demineralization
release enzymes (for organic matrix degratdation)
```
63
function of osteoclasts
Demineralizes bone
Degrade organic matrix
endocytosis of degraded products
64
what are bone lining cells
Inactive osteoblasts
65
morpholgy of bone lining cells
Flattened spindle shape
ovoid mono-nucleus
Few organelles
66
location of bone lining cells
on bone surface
67
function of bone lining cells
uncertain
Induced to proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts
involved in smooothening osteoclasts lacunae
68
2 processes from bone formation
Endochondral ossification
| Intramembranous ossification
69
when bone forms from cartialge first
Endochondral ossification
70
when bone forms directly from periosteum
Intramembranous ossification
71
what is sutural bone formation
special intramembranous process through a sutural matrix
72
Modeling
change of overall bone size, shape
| bone formation and resorption at different location
73
Remodeling
replacment of existing bone
| bone formation and resporption at the same location but at different times
74
Typical remodeling cycle
```
activation
resorption
reversal
formation
resting
activation
```
75
what kind of osteon is important for cortical bone remodelling
Secondary osteons
76
where does ttraceular bone remodelling start
at bone surfaces
77
cycle dduration length of formation vs resorption for bone remodeling
Formation greater than resorption
78
remodeling rate of children vs adults
greater in children
79
remodeling rate in trbecular vs crotical bone
greater in trabecular
80
what leads to osteoporosis
Unbalanced formation and resorption leading to a net bone loss
81
REgulation of bone remodling
Multiple factors (gene, hormone, mech loading, metabolism...)
82
how are alveolar and basal bones separate
are continous
83
where is trabecular bone in the alveolar bone
only presented in the apical 1/3 of the alveolar processor under the alveolar crest in the interdental area
84
layers of the interdental septum froma mesial distal section
2 layers (bundle bone and supporting bone
85
what layer does sharpey's fibers insert into
Bundle bone
86
what is the cement line
Bundle bone supporting bone borderline
87
CElls between sharpey's fibers
Fibroblasts
Mesenchymal stem cells and osteoprogenitors
Vascular cells
88
Cells on the bone surface
Osteoblasts
| Bone lining cells
89
tissue orgin of long bones and craniofacial bones
Embryonically differny
90
What does JAw bone mesenchym come from
Neural crest (1st branchial arch) and mesoderm
91
IMportance of tooth eruption and the alveolar process
Postnatal growth needs the teeth
92
when does modeling of the alveolar bone take place
furing bone growth
93
how does bone formation occur in the alveolar bone
vertically at crests along with tooth eruption
| transversely at buccal surface and lingual bundle bone along with buccal expansion
94
how does Bone resportion occur in the alveolar bone
Lingual surface and buccal bundle bone
95
risk factors for alveolar bone loss
```
Periodontal disease
Tooth loss
Pathology
systemic disease
side efect of med
trauma, parafunction, excessive orthodontic force
```
96
techniques for alveolar bone preservation/augmentation
```
guided one regenration with bioabsorbable membranes
bovide derived bone graft
mineralized human allograft
bioactive glass material
synthetic alloplast
autogenous bone graft
decoronation and submergence of roots
immediate implants
ortho tooth movement
distraction osteogenesis
stem cell assisted treatment
```
97
what does tooth movement do to the alveolar bone
a modeling process of the alveolar bone
98
what happens to the intedetnal septum duing tooth movemnt
Due to resorption on one side and formation on the other, not removed
99
what happens to PDL fibers during ortho tooth movement
PDL fiber attachment adpats to bone modeling
100
what happens to the PDL fibers on the bone resorption side
detachment with eventual attachment reconstituation
101
what happens to the PDL fibers on the bone formation side
Thickening of bundle bone
| remodeling of bundle bone from the endosteum (opposite die of the PDL
102
source of OSteoclast on the resorption side of the boe during tooth movement
Normally not present in the pDL
| recruited from blood flow (light pressure) or bone marrow of the adhacent alveolar prcess (heavy pressure)
103
sources of osteoblasts on the formation side of tooth movement
OSteblasts already present atbone surface
MSCs in the PDL
MSCs in the bone marrow
bone lining cells
