oral mucosa Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
what lines the mouth
A
Moist mucous membrane like the nasal pasages and GI tract
2
Q
what tissues make up the Mucous membrane
A
an organ of epithelium and connective tissue
3
Q
what makes up the connective tissue of the mucous membrane
A
lamina propria and sometimes submucosa
4
Q
where are blood vessels in a mucous membrane
A
LAmina propria/submusosa
5
Q
where are minor salivary glands
A
Lamina propria or submucosa
6
Q
ducts from noth major and minro salivary glands travel through what
A
connective tissue to communication with mucosal surface
7
Q
where is lymphoid tissue
A
embeddded in oral mucosa lingual and palatine tonsils
8
Q
function of oral mucosa
A
PRotection as a barrier, antimicrobia
INgestion
9
Q
what protects more basal lamina or epithelium
A
epithelium more protection
10
Q
antimicrobial roll of oral mucosa
A
Immune cells
epithelial cells
11
Q
What is more important for oral mucsa anti-microbial protection lamina propria or epithelium
A
Lamina propria
12
Q
where are immune cells found int eh oral mucosa
A
in the lamina propria
13
Q
roll of epithelium as an anti-microbial
A
synth and secrete several antimcrobial molecules
14
Q
what antimicrobial molecules do epithelial cell synth
A
beta defensins
cathelicidin
calprotectin
adrenomedulin
15
Q
features of beta defensins
A
Cysteine rich
cationic
16
Q
how does BEta defensins work
A
Bind to negative charges on bacterial membranes and permeabilizes it
17
Q
ingestion roll of the oral mucosa
A
Flexibility and moist surface
18
Q
Innervation of the oral mucsa
A
Highly innervates
19
Q
roll of sensory innervation of oral mucsa
A
augments protective and ingestive function
20
Q
how is oral mucosa sensastion different from pulp/dentin and the PDL
A
MOre types of sensaation
21
Q
what does touch in oral mucosa
A
A beta
22
Q
what does pain in oral muscoa
A
A delta and C
23
Q
what does innocuous thermal
A
A delta and C
24
Q
what does taste
A
A delta
25
is oral mucosa always the same
Varies by region, but alwyas made of epithelium and connective tissue (lamina propria and submucosa)
26
what type of cells are all oral epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
27
Deep layesr roll of epithelium of oral mucosa
Cell division
28
superficial layers roll of oral mucosahed off
Migrate and mature
| sruface and sloughed off
29
layers of oral epithelium
Superficial layer
Intermediate layer
Prickle cell layer
Basal cell layer
30
pros and cons of fast turnover of oral mucosa
speeds healing but more vulnerable to conditions that affect cell divisions (Chemo and radiotherapy
31
Turnover time
Time it takes for epithelium to entirely replace itself
32
what fills most of the eptihelium
Occupied by cells
33
what type of cell is most common in epithelium
Keratinocytes most numerous
34
how are kertinocytes named
On the basis of their cytokeratin
35
types of Non-kertinocytes in the epithelium
Merkel cells
Melanocytes
Langerhands (dendritic cells)
36
clear cells of the eptihlium
Merkel cells
| Melanocytes
37
Roll of merkel cells
Sneory
38
Roll of melanocytes
Pigment cells
39
Roll of Langerhans (dendritic) cells
Immunee
40
location of merkel cells
Basal layers
41
Location of melanocytes
Basal layers
42
Lcation of Langerhans cells
Supra-basal layers
43
how are celar cells revelaed
By a lack of cytokeratin staining
44
structure of melanocytes
Cell bone with processes in the basal layer
45
how is pigment packed in melanocytes
MElanosomes
46
how to tell difference between Langerhan's and Melanocytes because both have process
Langerhands in supra basal layers
47
is oral mucosa keratinized or non-keratiinized
different regions (alveolar is non keratinized, gingiva is keratinized)
48
do keratinized and nonkeratinized epitheliu lok the same
Distincitive clinical appearance
49
what epithelium contains keratinocytes
both kertinized and non-keratinized epithelium
50
what do keratinocytes express
Cytokeratins
51
what are Cytokeratins
large multigene family of proteins
52
what do cytokeratins do
Assembling into intermediate filaments to provide cytoskeletal support
53
Types of Cytokeratins
```
type I (Acidic)
Type II (basic)
```
54
what is a cytokeratin made of
Central helical core flanked by non-helical ends
55
do all cells express cytokeratin
each cell expresses at least 2 cytokeratins ( 1 of each type)
56
How do cytokertatins assemble
into coiled heterodimers (helical regions cricical)
57
what forms an intermediate filament
10k heterodimers
58
Different sets of Cytokeratins are expressed by
Different epithelial layers
| Different epithelial tissues
59
what types of keratin is expressed in the basal layer throughout the mouth
K5/14
60
Physical features of Cytokeratins
MEch tough to provide support
61
The stronest sytoskeletal element to resist mech force without breaking
Intermediate filaments
62
Roll of intermediate filaments between cells
Desmosomes and hemidesmosomes
63
mutation of Cytokeratins 5/14 Basal layer lead to
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EB simplex)
64
Commonness of EB simplex
rare
65
symptoms of EB simplex
blistering in response to minor trauma
| most severe in epidermis but also in oral consequences
66
Physical characteristics of keratinized vs non keratinized epithelium
KEratinized: tougher and more impermeable
| Non-keratinized: more flexible
67
where is keratinized epithlium found
gingiva
| hard palat
68
where is non-keratinized epithelium found
Buccal mucosa and soft palate
69
what layers do both Keratinized and non-keratinized have
Basal layer
| Prickle cell layers
70
what layers distinguish KEratinizned and non-keratinized epithelium
```
The more superficial layers
Granular: keratinized
Intermediate: non-keratinized
Keratinized layer: keratinized
SUperficial: non-keratinized
```
71
difference betwen keratinized and superficial layer
KEratinized: no organelles, dehydrated, tougher
superficial: organelles, flexible
72
Roll of Cytokeratins
Contribute to mech toughness in both keratinized and non-keratinized oral mucosa
73
amount of Cytokeratins as you go up in layer
Amount of cytokeratin increases in superficial layers in both types of oral mucosa
74
what do different cytokeratine types contribute to
differences in mech properties of keratinized vs non-keratinized eptihlia
75
tonofibrils
Cytokeratins that promote aggregation
76
Fillgrin
Cytokeratins that promote binding to another molecules as the main component of keratohyalin granules
77
morphology of superficial keratinized layers
Very flat
dehydrated
no organelles
packed with cytokeratin (tonofibril and fillgrain complexes)
78
what dont Cytokeratins do in non keratinized epithelium
Do not promote aggregation
79
morphology of superficial non-keratinized layers
Cells not as flat/dehrated
retain nuclei
kytokeratin tonofilaments
80
physical properties of keratinized vs non-keratinized epithelium
KEratinized is tougher and less flexible
81
what controls the permeability of keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium
Not the keratin but instead the desmosomes (more numerous in keratinized epithelia)
82
what are membrane coating granules
MEmbrane-bound organelles filled with glycolipids
83
where do membrane coating granules 1st appear
In upper prickle cell layers
84
where are membrane coating granules released
Released in more superficial layers to coat cell
85
what cells have membrane coating granules
Both keratinized and non-keratinized epithelia but have different in chem composition
greater effective barrier to keratinized epithelium
86
what is the roll of MEmbrane coating granules
Serve as intercellular barrier to aqueous substances
87
where does Membrane thickening occur
Inner face of keratinocytes in upper layers of both non-keratinized and keratinized epithleium
88
what kind of epithelium experiences more membrane thickening
much greater pronounces in keratinized epithlium
89
what is the cornified envelope
15nm of cross-linked protein sheath comprised of loricrin and other proteins to do membrane thickening
90
the 3rd type of simple squamish epithelium in the mouth
Parakeratinized epithelium
91
properties of parakeratinized epithelium
intermediate between the two types of epithlium
92
morphology of parakeratinized epithelium
changes similar to keratinized (tonofibril/fillagrin complex)
nucleui and organelles may be retained in superficial layers
93
incomplete keratinization
refers to rehydration of the dehyrated surface layer by saliva
94
why does hyperkeratinization occur
mech trauma or irritation causing the keratinized layer of keratinized epithelium to becoe thick
95
what makes up most of the volume of the Lamina propria
ECM
96
cells of the lamina propria
Fibroblasts (most numerous)
| macrophages, mast cells, inflammatory cells
97
what makes up the ECM of the lamina propria
PG and GAG
Glycoproteins (fibronectin)
Collagen (type I and III)
elastin
98
the relative amounts of type I: type III collagen is greater for what regions of the oral cavity
greater for less flexible regions
99
least fleible regions of the mouth
Gingiva
100
most flexible regions of the mouth
Buccal mucosa
101
where is elastin more prominent
In oral mucosa more than pulp or PDL
102
what is the Epithelial connective tissue interface
Basal Lamina
103
shape of the Epithelial connective tissue interface
Convoluted
104
what is in the papillary layer
rete pegs from the epithlium
| connective tissue papilla from the lamina propria
105
what is the papillary layer
the interdigitation of the epithelium with lamina propria
106
what is the reticular layer
the part of the lamina propria that is just lamina propria
107
what happens to gingiva to reflect the underlying rete pegs and connective tissue papillae
Stippling
108
where is the submucosa found
present under some regions of oral mucosa
109
what is found in the submucosa
larger blood vessels and nerves supplying superficial LP glands
Glands
110
what does the submucosa separate
Separates LP from bone and muscle
111
where is there no submucosa between lamina propria and muscle
the tongue
112
where is there no submucosa between the lamina propria and bone (mucoperiosteum)
Gingiva
Rugae region
Median raphe
113
where is masticatory mucosa found
Hard palate and gingiva
114
where is lining mucosa found
```
Under of tongue
floor of mouth
alveolar mucosa
soft palate
check
verminon bornder of lip
Dorsal tongue
```
115
what is the epithelium of lining mucosa
Non-keratinized or parakeratinized epithlium of variable thickness
116
thickness of lining mucosa at the buccal and labia
thick about .5mm
117
thickness of lining mucosa at the floor of the mouth
thin about .1mm
118
what are the fibers of the lamina propria of lining mucosa
Fewer collagen fibers
| More elastic fibers
119
tissue papillae of lining mucosa
relativlet short broad connective tissue papillae
120
submucosa of lining mucosa
usually presant
121
attachments of lining mucosa
Bone or muscle atachement are loose and flexible
122
Clinical implication of lining mucosa
Incisions more likely to gape and need to be sutured
| Injections less painful
123
Epithelium of the exterior skin of lip
Keratinized
124
Thickness of lip exterior skin
Thinnest epithelium
125
what is found in the exterior skin of the lip
Sweat glands
Sebacous glands
hair follicles
126
Epithlium of the vermillion zone
keratinized
127
Epithelium thickness of vermillion zone
THin
128
blood vessl of the vermillion zone
close to the surface
129
glands in the vermillion zone
No sweat glands or mucous glands
130
epithlium of the labial mucosa
Non-keratinized
131
thickness of labial mucosa
Thicker epithelium
132
glands of labial mucosa
Mucous glands
133
keratin of masticatory mucosa
Keratinized or parakeratinized
134
Lamina propria of masticatory mucosa
Dense with more collagen fibers and less elastic fibers
135
papillae of masticatory mucosa
long thin connective tissue
136
submucosa of masticatory mucosa
Variably present in hard palate
| no present in rugae region and along midline raphe, or gingiva
137
when submucosa not present in gingiva
Mucoperiosteum
138
clinical implications of masticatory mucosa
Incisions don't gape
may not require suturing
injections hurt
139
part of the free gingiva which faces tooth
Sulcular epithlium
140
keratin of sulcular epithlium
non-keratinized generally
141
how special is junctional epithlium
Unique
142
what are parts of the periodontium
sulcular and junctional epithlium
143
function of junctional epithlium
forms a seal with hard tissue tooth (enamel and cementum)
144
orientation of junctional epithlium
long axis of tooth
145
cell thickness of junctional epithelium
15-30 cells thick at top
| 3-4 cell thick at bottom
146
basement membrane of junctional epithiium
straight basement membrane
147
keratin of junctional epithlum
keratin expression for simple epithlium
148
cells of junctional epithlium
relatively non-differentiated cells regardless of layer
149
granules of juctional epithlium
< tonofilaments
< desmosomes
no membrane-coating granules
150
permiablility of junctional epithlium
highly permiable
151
basal lamina of junctional epithlium
external (JE/lamina propria) typical molecular components
| Internal or speciailized (JE/tooth)
152
what is found in the external basal lamina of the junctional epithlium
all components (type IV collagen, proteoglycan, VII collagen)
153
what components are absenent in the internal/specialized basal lamina
No collagen components
154
what parts of basal laina provie connection to lamina propria
Collagen of basal lamina provide firect connection to collagen of lamina propria
155
what proteins are made by ameloblasts during the maturation phase by intenral/specialized basal lamina of Junctional epithlium
Amtn (amelotin)
ODAM (odontogeneic ameloblast-associated)
SCPPPQ1 (secretory Ca++ binding phorphoprotein prline glutamin rich 1
156
what do the proteins of the junctional eptihlium do togethre
form a porous strucutre to facilitate sealing the JE to tooth surface
157
where does junctional epithlium extend
junctional epithlium extends all the way around the entire tooth
158
can junctional epithlium regenerate
yes at a rapid pace even around implants
159
maxillary supply to gingiva
Superior alveolar
| Palatine
160
Mandibular supply to gingiva
Inferior alveol
buccal
mental
sublingual
161
how does Vascular supply get to gingiva
PDL
intergenal septa
oral mucosa
then gingva
