Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

brain disorders > Alzheimers biomarkers > Flashcards

Alzheimers biomarkers Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
The Brain flashcards
1
Q

What test is used to identify adults at risk to AD?

A

Cognitive screening tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 4 things that cognitive screening tests?

A

attention
spatial navigation
visuo-spatial orientation
short term working memory
conflict resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What brain region is spatial navigation involved in?

A

hippocampal & temporal involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What brain region is involved in visuo-spatial orientation?

A

parietal & limbic involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What brain region is involved in short term working memory?

A

Prefrontal involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What brain region is involved in conflict resolution?

A

cingulate & prefrontal involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does Stroop colour & word tests assess?

A

Ability to inhibit cognitive interference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 3 pathophysiology biomarkers for AD?

A

amyloid beta deposition
tau
neurodegeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is volumetric MRI?

A

Looks at enlarged ventricles in hippocampus to diagnose AD in the MCI stage -> loss of brain matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 2 benefits of volumetric MRI?

A

Availability
non-invasive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a disadvantage of structural MRI?

A

Decreased hippocampal volume is not an AD-specific measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is positron emission tomography (PET)?

A

measures metabolic rates of glucose as a measure of neuronal activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What areas of the brain does hypermetabolism occurs first in AD?

A

temporoparietal areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a limitation of PET?

A

not widely available
expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does amyloid PET measure?

A

Concentration of amyloid in CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the specific radiotracer used in amyloid PET

A

PiB -> binds insoluble amyloid fibrils

17
Q

Where is substantial amyloid accumulation in AD located?

A

frontal cortex
neocortex

18
Q

What are limitations of amyloid-PET?

A

short half life of PiB
low affinity for soluble oligomeric amyloid

19
Q

What does aggregation of tau cause?

A

hyperphosphorylation of tau -> Paired helical fragments -> neurofibrillary tangles -> microtubule unstable -> dysfunctional neurons

20
Q

What is an example of tau tracer?

A

18F-FDDNP

21
Q

What does 18F-FDDNP bind?

A

extracellular amyloid-plaques & intracellular NFTs

22
Q

What are limitations to tau tracers?

A

clinical validation still required

23
Q

What does EEG have a strong correlation with?

A

MMSE scores (severity of dementia is linked to abnormal EEG)

24
Q

What 3 c does EEG show AD?

A

Lower frequency rhythms
Reduction in alpha & beta bands
Increase in theta & delta

brain disorders (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions