Social Behaviour II

Question 1

What NTs decide the reactivity threshold?

Answer 1

Dopamine
opiates
oxytocin
CRH
serotonin
noradrenaline
GABA

Question 2

What 4 NTs modulates the emotional-motivational system?

Answer 2

Dopamine
Opiates
Oxytocin
CRH

Question 3

What are 3 characteristics of DA, OP, OT, CRH ?

Answer 3

Highly reactive to environment
subject to genetic variation
subject to variation due to prior/early environment

Question 4

What 3 NTs provide an inhibitory modulation of the threshold of various neural circuit functions?

Answer 4

5-HT
NE
GABA

Question 5

What is 5-HT function?

Answer 5

Tonic inhibition over neural circuit & emotional expressions

Question 6

What is NE’s function?

Answer 6

Discrimination of relevant cues & maintenance of attention & focus

Question 7

What is GABA’s role?

Answer 7

Depth of emotional memory & persistence of emotional learning

Question 8

What is the reactivity of neuromodulators dependent on?

Answer 8

Frequency & magnitude of envir. input across time

Question 9

What does the relative strength of various emotional-motivational systems depend on?

Answer 9

Predominant nature of envir.

Question 10

What are 5 social withdrawals associated with amygdala-damaged patients?

Answer 10

Insensitive to personal boundaries
Difficulty orientating & interpreting signals from the eye region of others’
Do not exhibit normal enhancement of fMRI signal in FG & STS to facial expression
Diminished social apprehension
Tend to misjudge people - trust more easily than they should

Question 11

What are 4 social behavior characteristics of fronto-temporal dementia

Answer 11

loss empathy
compulsive behaviour
apathy
lack of insight

Question 12

What 2 things does intrinsic amygdala connectivity support?

Answer 12

Perception & affiliation
Amygdala volume

Question 13

What are the 2 biggest behavioural symptoms in alzheimers & dementia?

Answer 13

Frustration based aggression
Lack of socialbility

Question 14

What are 5 social conginition impairments in depression?

Answer 14

Increased empathic distress
Decreased emotional recognition
Decreased humor understanding & appreciation
Increased perception of neutral faces as sad
Negative events interpretated as due to internal, stable & global factors

Question 15

What are 4 cognitive imapirments in depression?

Answer 15

Executive function
Working memory
Attention
Psychomotor processing speed

Question 16

What 3 brain regions are essential for semantic memory?

Answer 16

Temporal cortices
mPFC & IPFC
Posterior cingulate/precuneus

Question 17

What 3 brain regions intergrate sensory information?

Answer 17

aTP
mPFC
orbital PFC

Question 18

What 2 brain regions are critical for episodic memory for both social & nonsocial info?

Answer 18

Hip
mTP

Question 19

What is the ACC important for?

Answer 19

Monitoring conflicts & errors as well as for response inhibition

Question 20

What 2 brain regions are involved in reward processing?

Answer 20

vmPFC
nucleus accumbens

Question 21

What 2 brain regions involved in aversive network & social withdrawal?

Answer 21

Anterior insula
amygdala

Question 22

What 4 NTs are important for social withdrawal?

Answer 22

Dopamine
CRH
OP
Oxytocin

Question 23

What 4 NTs modulate the social withdrawal?

Answer 23

Vasopressin
GABA
NE
5-HT

Question 24

What do gene mutations in NT systems cause?

Answer 24

Affect social behaviour

Question 25

What is the BNST involved in?

Answer 25

sustained fear states
social attachment

Question 26

What type of difference is seen in BNST?

Answer 26

Sexually dimorphic

Question 27

What 5 brain regions is the BNST associated with?

Answer 27

Amygdala
Hypothalamus
mPFC
Insula
Thalamus

Question 28

What happens if amygdala and BNST are activated?

Answer 28

Activated when faced with an actual threat - mediates anticipatory phases of a threat & general apprehension