Animal Models of Aggression

Question 1

What type of drug is methylphenidate?

Answer 1

Dopamine uptake blocker
used for inattention

Question 2

What strain of mice were aggressive?

Answer 2

BALB/cJ

Question 3

What strain of mice were non-aggressive?

Answer 3

BALB/cByJ

Question 4

What traits do the BALB/cJ have?

Answer 4

Anxious
lash out
see everything as a threat
less social

Question 5

What is global inattention?

Answer 5

surround attention -> subconscious

Question 6

What is sustained attention?

Answer 6

Direct attention on something constantly

Question 7

What do premature reactions measure?

Answer 7

Impulsivity

Question 8

What does omission reaction measures?

Answer 8

Mistakes -> inattentiveness

Question 9

How do you measure compulsivity with the light training?

Answer 9

Poking same hole over and over again

Question 10

What strain of mice need less trails for attention training?

Answer 10

BALB/cJ mice

Question 11

Do BALB/cJ mice learn from punishment?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

What part of the brain show changes in the BALB/cJ mice?

Answer 12

Changes in white matter
increased in brain stem
decreased in the striatum, sensory cortex
insular cortex
amygdala

Question 13

What does a reduction in white matter lead to?

Answer 13

Less communication between brain regions

Question 14

What can methylphenidate treat?

Answer 14

Low dose can treat aggressive mice to increase the time till attack and reduce rule breaking behaviours

Question 15

How does low dose methylphenidate affect continuous performance task/

Answer 15

Improves sensitivity by decreasing the false alarm rate (improving error detection)

Question 16

Do children with conduct disorders have the same attention disorder as children with ADHD?

Answer 16

No they have a different inattention disorder

Question 17

What does RNA sequencing look at?

Answer 17

Wider transcriptome >2000 genes

Question 18

What are the 3 GABA receptors?

Answer 18

GABA A - inhibitory chloride receptor
GABA B - G protein receptor inhibitory)
GABA C - excitatiry in utero

Question 19

What behaviour is low levels of GABA associated with?

Answer 19

Aggression, poor decisions

Question 20

What does the ACC regulate?

Answer 20

Attention, anxiety and decision making

Question 21

What is the ACC GABA deficit in BALB/cJ mice related to?

Answer 21

Increases in the expression of gamma vinyl transferase

Question 22

What is the role of gamma vinyl transferase?

Answer 22

Catabolic breakdown of GABA

Question 23

What is the role of the ACC?

Answer 23

Emotional processing & cognition

Question 24

What is the role of the MCC?

Answer 24

Cognitive control, decision making & motor output

Question 25

What does the dorsal ACC control?

Answer 25

Cognitive control

Question 26

What does the Ventral ACC control?

Answer 26

Emotional control

Question 27

What 7 things do the ACC/MCC control?

Answer 27

Autonomic functions negative emotions positives emotions Pain Fear Attention Reward based decision making

Question 28

What was unique about ACC Vs MCC size?

Answer 28

ACC is bigger -> a lot of weight in emotional decisions

Question 29

What are 2 GABAergic interneurons in ACC/MCC?

Answer 29

Parvalbumin & somatostatin

Question 30

What cells do PV & SOM regulate?

Answer 30

Pyramidal cells

Question 31

What does a decrease of PV & SOM lead to?

Answer 31

Reduced gamma activity -> memory & cognitive impairments & reduced sociability

Question 32

What brain disorder is decreased PV & SOM also linked to?

Answer 32

Autism

Question 33

What gene could be a key E/I regulator affecting aggression?

Answer 33

RBFOX1

Question 34

What 4 things were observed in antisocial BALB/cJ mice related to GABAergic chnages?

Answer 34

Reduced 1H-MRS GABA tone Increased GABA catabolism No change in GABA synthesis Reduced GABAergic PV

Question 35

What is low cortisone levels associated with?

Answer 35

Increased aggression Increased methylation of RBFOX1