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US History I H > American Revolution P1 > Flashcards

American Revolution P1 Flashcards

1
Q

colonies founded or ruled by royal charter

A

VA, NY, NH, MA, NJ, NC, SC, Georgia

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2
Q

colonies owned by a family or individual

A

PN, DE, ML

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3
Q

colonies governed under charters

A

RH, CT

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4
Q

albany conference

A
  • albany plan of union
  • benjamin franklin
  • discussed plans to defeat the french-seeds of union
  • proposed that colonies unite to forma. federal government
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5
Q

albany plan of union federal government structrue

A
  1. president general: to be appointed and supported by the crown
  2. grand council: chosen by reps; makes laws; raises taxes; defends the colonies
  3. representatives from each colonies
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6
Q

pro of albany plan of union

A

stronger line of defense

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7
Q

con of albany plan of union

A

colonies lose power

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8
Q

unity in the colonies

A
  • despite what many people expected, after the f&I war, the new british policies angered colonists
  • despite differences, they began to unite
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9
Q

clashes with native americans

A
  • wnglish colonists traveled west to claim native land
  • in 1762, british sent a lord to make peace
  • natives rebelled, chose pontiac (ottawa chief) and fought on the french side
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10
Q

pontiac’s war

A
  • pontiac attacked british troops at fort detroit
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11
Q

treaty of paris 1763 impact on natives

A
  • indians could no longer hope for french aid
  • british controlled the frontier
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12
Q

proclamation of 1763

A
  • convinced british officials to stop settlement beyond western frontier
  • proc of 1763 drew an imaginary line across the appalachians
  • colonists were forbidden to settle west of line
  • those who lived there before were forced to move
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13
Q

problems of proclamation of 1763

A
  • enforcement: british sent 10,000 troops
  • angered the colonists
    > they were forced to pay for british troops
    > many had already claimed land in the west
    > many settlers even ignored the proclamation
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14
Q

what pushed the colonists to the edge?

A
  • the enlightenment: new meaning of light, questioning authority
  • influx of immigrants from other parts of europe
  • liberalism
  • imposing taxes
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15
Q

tea act

A
  • passed 1773
  • eliminates taxes on british east india company in england
  • colonists still paid taxes on british tea
  • companies can sell tea for lower in american than smuggled dutch tea
    > however most colonies will buy british tea through fear of getting arrested/fined
    > tea act would thus lead to a monopoly
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16
Q

problem explodes (TL)

A

1770: boston massacre
1773: boston tea party
1774: intolerable acts
- first continental congress
- lexington and concord

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17
Q

boston massacre

A
  • killing of 5 colonists by british regulars
  • results of tensions in the american colonies against british
  • tensions began when royal troops arrived in MA, 1768
  • troops arrived to enforce the heavy tax burdens imposed by the townshend acts
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18
Q

boston tea party

A
  • occurred december 16, 1773
  • patriot group sons of liberty protested the monopoly on american tea importation granted by parliament
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19
Q

intolerable acts

A
  • colonies were pressed with greater taxes without representation in britain
  • taxes were to pay for the f&i war
  • lead to tensions growing in colonies and feelings of anger/resentment
  • tensions grew into active retaliation to the British acts aimed at bringing the colonies back into submission of the king
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20
Q

writs of assistance

A
  • general search warrant issued by superior provincial courts to assist the british government in enforcing trade/navigation laws
  • allows customs officials to enter any ship or building that they suspected for any reason might hold smuggled goods
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21
Q

british sought greater control over the NA empire via

A
  • imperialism
  • mercantilism
  • navigation acts
  • french and indian war: british vector > british debt from war > british thought colonies should pay for part of the war
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22
Q

new taxes

A
  • f&I left Britain in deep debt
  • george greenville claimed that colonists had gained so much from the war they should share the tax burden
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23
Q

sugar act 1764

A
  • tax on sugar and molasses imported from foreign countries (hurt trade)
24
Q

stamp act 1765

A
  • first direct tax imposed by britain on its american colonies
  • taxes all printed matierlas
25
Q

quartering act 1765

A
  • required colonies to house british soldiers in barracks provided by the colonies
26
Q

currency act 1766

A
  • parliament assuming control of colonial currency system
  • “hard currency” system based off the pound sterling
27
Q

townshend act 1766

A
  • indirect taxes on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea
  • eventually exempted all exempt for tea
28
Q

colonial reactions to “the acts!”

A
  • sons of liberty: intimidation
  • stamp act congress:
  • boycotts continue 1769
29
Q

stamp act congress

A

appealing to the king
> first time in 150 years the colonies came together for common interest
> declaration of rights and grievances - only own reps can tax

30
Q

boycotts of 1769

A

> colonial imports were 1/6 of what they had been in 1768
boycotts hurt workers and merchants in britain (1/3 of british exports went to america)

31
Q

summary

A
  • colonies protested and suffered a trade deficit with Great Britain in the first place
  • argued that the shortage of hard capital would exacerbate the situation
  • stamp act lead colonists to fear & resent the wealthy and powerful
  • stamp distributors all from elite: seen as privileged servants of London
32
Q

british response (to colonial reactions)

A
  • british government repealed stamp act
  • passed declaratory act/gave parliament the right to pass all laws including taxes
    RESULT: parliament looked weak because of repealing and the effectiveness of the declaratory act was lessened
33
Q

parliament was divided

A
  • g greenville noted that a the colonist were too diivided to establish coordinated defense & feared colonial independence
  • colonial tax plans: colonies could not agree
  • britain still faced financial struggles, tried to tax wheat and england and got bread riots
34
Q

britain decided to

A

punish the colonies with coercive acts
- close boston port to cripple economy and put pressure to pay for tea
- prevent town meetings
- require colonists in MA to have british soldiers sleep & eat in their homes

coercive acts became central issues between britain and colonies –> intolerable acts

35
Q

boston massacre - details

A
  • troops arrived to enforce the heavy tax burdens
  • christopher seider killed first (11 years old)
  • 4,000 soldiers for 15,000 colonists
  • tragical scene or bloody massacre - debate?
36
Q

lexington and concord

A

april 18th, 1775: hundreds of british troops marched boston -> concord to seize arms
- shots heard young the world - start of the revolutionary war
- paul reverse and other riders sounded the alarm - intercept the redcoat column
- a confrontation at lexington began fight
- british retreated - intense fire *admirable because british had one of the most powerful armies here
- colonies proved they stood a chance against britain

37
Q

paul revere

A
  • never shouted “the british are coming”
  • operation was discreet
  • colonial americans still considered themselves britsih
38
Q

common sense

A
  • thomas paine
  • 26 page pamphlet
  • used plain, simple language to express concerns over british control
    objective: encouraged colonies to seek independence
39
Q

olive branch petition

A
  • july 5th, 1775
  • final attempt to avoid war
  • petition affirmed american loyalty to great Britain nd entreated the king to prevent conflict
  • # rejected!
40
Q

second contiental congress

A
  • july 1776, 48 delegates met
  • committee of five were responsible for drafting the document for independence
  • not represented: AA< women, working class, loyalists, and native americans
  • declaration of Independence was thus born!
41
Q

parts of declaratoin

A
  1. preamble
  2. declaration of natural rights
  3. list of grievances (complaints)
  4. resolution of independence but he us
42
Q

hobbes

A
  • war is everyone against everyone
  • the only way to escape civil war and to maintain a state of peace is to institute an impartial and absolute power that is the final authority on all political issues
43
Q

locke

A
  • all are equal, no one can/should harm another life, liberty, health, etc
  • limited government: natural rights mean that government has obligations to the citizens and can ultimately be overthrown by citizens under certain circumstances
44
Q

montesqieu

A
  • there is no crueler tyranny than one done by a government hiding behind claims of law/justice
  • the best form of government was where the legislative, executive, and judicial powers were separate and kept each other in check to prevent any branch from becoming too powerful
45
Q

rousseau

A
  • man born free, chained everywhere else
  • a social contract between the government and its people: government should express the will of its people and allow for the people to possess individual freedoms
  • the laws made are by the citizens’ will, so people follow their own will and in doing so are abiding the law
46
Q

voltaire

A
  • defend everyones right o speech, even if they disagree
47
Q

thomas paine

A
  • writer of the common sense pamphlet
48
Q

george washington

A
  • first american president
  • commander of continental army
  • president of the constitutional convention
49
Q

abigail adams

A
  • wife and closest advisor of John adams
  • first to serve as 2nd lady, 2nd to serve as 1st lady
  • over 1,100 letters about government: women rights w/ john adams
50
Q

john andre

A
  • major in the british army
  • head of its intelligence operations
  • assigned the task of negotiating benedict arnold’s secret offer to surrender the fort at west point
  • executed as a spy
51
Q

benedict arnold

A
  • american born military officer who served
  • rose with distinction for the continental army -> major general before defecting
  • made secret overtures to British HQ
  • informed british of a proposed american invasion of canada
  • the hated the conteintnal congress and grew resentment towards other officers
52
Q

treaty of paris 1763 - topic overview

A
  • signed by us and British representatives to end the war of the american revolution
  • agreement recognized us independence and granted us significant western territory
53
Q

town hall meeting - topic overview

A
  • for local and regional forcers to hear community views on public issues
  • colonial towns called meetings to discuss what to do about the divisions between england and colonies
54
Q

“common sense” vs “plain truth” - topic review

A
  • thomas paine was a patriot who wrote common sense
  • james chalmers was a loyalist who wrote plain truth
55
Q

enlightenment & revolution - topic review

A
  • enlightenment ideals of rationalism, intellectualism, and religious freedom pervaded the american colonial religious landscape
  • these values were instrumental in the american revolution and the creation of a nation w/o established religion
56
Q

committee of correspondence - topic review

A
  • longstanding institutions that became a key communication
  • promoted manufacturing in the 13 colonies and advised colonists to boycott britain’s imported goods
  • informed voters of common threats their mother country offered
  • established systems of communication, educated townspeople, rallied support to american independence

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