American Revolution P2

Question 1

Purpose of Declaration of Independence

Answer 1

Explains why the 13 colonies wanted independence from Great Britains

Question 2

Writer of the Declaration…

Answer 2

Thomas Jefferson

Question 3

Olive Branch Petition

Answer 3

July 5th, 1775
- Final attempt to avoid war between colonies and Great Britain
- Affirmed American loyalty to GB and entreated the King to prevent further conflict
- Rejected

Question 4

Second Continental Congress

Answer 4

July 1778
- 48 delegates met in Philidelphia
- Committee of 5 responsible for drafting the document for independence
- Declaration of Independence was thus written here

Question 5

Parts of the Declaration

Answer 5

1. Preamble
2. Declaration of Natural Rights
3. List of Grievances
4. Resolution of Independence

Question 6

Preamble

Answer 6

• Legally and philosophically justifies revolution
• “Now that we’re starting to separate, this is the explanation why”

Question 7

Declaration of Natural Rights

Answer 7

• How a government should be run
• Reveals the influence of John Locke: civilians have the right to replace the government.

Question 8

List of Grievances

Answer 8

• Condemns behavior of King George
• Lists their tyrannical actions

Question 9

Resolution of Independence

Answer 9

• Final paragraph that declares independence

Question 10

British Army

Answer 10

One of the strongest in the world at the time

Question 11

To conquer the middle colonies, Britain

Answer 11

launched one of the largest sea and land offensives

Question 12

British troops consisted of

Answer 12

50k regular troops, 30k German mercenaries

Question 13

70 regiments

Answer 13

Regiments formed by 50k Loyalists to help maintain control of the colonies

Question 14

Patriot canons

Answer 14

Enabled Patriots to fortify high grounds South of the city

Question 15

French reliance

Answer 15

• Their victories convinced the French to publicly support the Patriots cause
• They were loaned money, given crucial military support, and could rely on French for retaliation and control of seas

Question 16

Patriot national capital

Answer 16

Did not exist: which helped because if It were captured it would end the entire conflict

Question 17

Patriot war tactics

Answer 17

• Learned from Indian War to use guerrilla tactics
• Strike quickly from behind trees fences before disappearing
• Avoid large scale confrontations and made it impossible for the British to deliver a single knock out blow

Question 18

Support for Patriots

Answer 18

Transcended social class, religion, and regions.

Question 19

France, Spain, and Netherland involvement

Answer 19

They all entered the war on the American side, meaning that Britain couldn’t concentrate its forces int he colonies and protect their land in the East Indies and Gibraltar aswell.

Question 20

Patriots vs Loyalists

Answer 20

Patriots would tar, feather, and murder those who were still loyal to the Crown.

Question 21

Loyalists & Britain

Answer 21

Britain lacked trust with their Loyalists and ultimately alienated many potential allies

Question 22

Strategy to get slaves to serve for Britain

Answer 22

backfired because it made many Southern slave owners support the Patriots due to fear of slave emancipation

Question 23

Washington troop #

Answer 23

• 6,000 those of which had enlistments that were soon to expire.
• He never had more than 20k troops under his command at once

Question 24

American soldiers were

Answer 24

from early teens to mid 20s, and often were landless, unskilled, indentured servants, slaves, or poor

Question 25

Battle of Bunker Hill

Answer 25

Where: Charlestown, Boston When: June 1775 - First major battle of Revolutionary War - America technically lost but it promoted support for the cause because the British did not further pursue into South Boston and if they did the cause could've ended

Question 26

1776

Answer 26

- Washington abandoned NY, fled throughout NY - Enlistments expired at the end of 1776 - Congress low on money - Washington had 2,400 men - "The Crisis" by "Thomas Paine" --> Battle of Trenton

Question 27

Battle of Trenton

Answer 27

When: December 26, 1776 Where: Trenton, NJ Who: Continental Army across the Delaware River to Renton

Question 28

Results of Battle of Trenton

Answer 28

- One hour battle - Element of surprise against the Hessians - Captured nearly nine hundred Hessians and supplies - Proved that Americans were willing to take a;l means for their independence, and invigorated Americans - Hessian army was crushed

Question 29

John Andre

Answer 29

- A British Army officer hung as a spy by the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War for assisting Benedict Arnolds attempted surrender at West Point - Imprisoned at Tappan, NY, and found guilty on September 20th, 1780. He was found guilty of being in American lines with a "feigned name and disguised habit"

Question 30

Nathan Hale

Answer 30

- A true Patriot! - 21 years old - hung in 76 for being a Patriot Spy

Question 31

Baylor Massacre

Answer 31

When: September 27, 1778 Where: Riverdale, NJ - British Major-General Charles Gray sent troops into a housing place for soldiers, killed at least 68 colonial soldiers - British Colonel Baylor, Mayor Mcleod, and two other officers were captured and killed

Question 32

Baylor Massacre Significance

Answer 32

- Lead to the death of many Continental Army soldiers - Gave Britain free passage through Bergen County and allowed them to move freely North and South as they pleased

Question 33

Winter at Valley Forge

Answer 33

When: 1777-1778, winter Where: Valley Forge in southeastern Pennsylvania - close to British to keep tabs

Question 34

Conditions of Winter at Valley Forge

Answer 34

- Washington's men faced illness, desertions and enlistments ending - 2,500 of 10,000 died - Baron von Steuben came to train the army - They made camp and the results were horrible: food was scarce; harsh conditions; low resources, tight living

Question 35

Winter of Morristown

Answer 35

When: January 6th, 1776 Where: Morristown, NJ - Washington marches with with Continental Army and sets up HQ - Surrounding hills allowed Washington to keep an eye on the British - Gave Washington time to organize the army - Trained soldiers and instilled discipline - Promised cash and land bonuses in effort to recruit troops

Question 36

Battle of Princeton

Answer 36

When: January 1777 - Win for the Americans - Drove the British out of Southern NJ - Got more people to join the Rebellion, 8000 troops in following months

Question 37

Battle of Sarotoga

Answer 37

When: Fall of 1777 Where: Saratoga, NY

Question 38

Significance of Battle of Sarotoga

Answer 38

- Lead to British surrender - Turning point in Revolution, convinced the French to side with the Americans

Question 39

Both sides' strategy (1777-1778)

Answer 39

British idea: capture South, then sweep North US strategy: tire British under Cornwallis lead and slowly retreat

Question 40

Battle of Yorktown

Answer 40

When: October 16, 1781 Where: Yorktown, VA - British forces commanded by General Cornwallis - Vs the French navy and French and American troops commanded by George Washington - Cornwallis came to VA and took control of British troops - French fleet won a naval victory against the Britsih - When Washington arrived, Cornwallis knew it was over – he decided to surrender.

Question 41

Battle of Yorktown Significance

Answer 41

- Cornwallis surrender gave victory to Americans - Battle of Yorktown marked the end of the war in America -> end of Revolutionary War - Peace negotiations between the Continental Congress & British Government (1783) -> Treaty of Paris

Question 42

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Answer 42

- American recognized as free - Boundaries got o the Mississippi River - Debts to be paid to Britain - Loyalists were to get property back - Both British and Americans can use Mississippi River

Question 43

TL Condensed

Answer 43

1. Treaty of Paris (1763) 2. Stamp Act & series of taxes enacted 3. Battle of Lexington & Concord 4. Battle of Bunker Hill 5. Declaration of Independence 6. Battle of Long Island - NYC Captured 7. "American Crisis" 1776, before Trenton 8. Crossing of Delaware River 9. Battle of Trenton 10. Battle of Princeton 11. Battle of Sarotoga 12. Battle of Yorktown 13. Treaty of Paris (1783)

Question 44

Winner of Lexington & Concord

Answer 44

Britain

Question 45

Winner of Bunker Hill

Answer 45

Britain

Question 46

Winner of Battle of Trenton

Answer 46

Colonies

Question 47

Winner of Battle of Princeton

Answer 47

Colonies

Question 48

Winner of Battle of Sarotoga

Answer 48

Colonies

Question 49

Winner of Battle of Yorktown

Answer 49

Colonies

Question 50

Results of Revolutionary War

Answer 50

- The British had not allowed the colonies to move west over the Appalachian Mountains: now open for settlements - US now open to trade freely with other countries - US independent - can create and manage government

Question 51

New national government

Answer 51

- needed to set up a new national government - The citizens of the new country did not want the national government to be so large and powerful that it began to resemble to the English Parliament with a ruling King

Question 52

New society

Answer 52

- Higher class had less influence - Anglican Church overthrown: victory for freedom of religion - Northern states begin to get rid of slavery - Elite could not flaunt their wealth as much - Some poor people worked up the ranks in the army and entered wealthier classes. - Washington began accepting in 1777, and some masters freed slaves to serve

Question 53

First abolitionist society

Answer 53

came a year before the Revolution