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US History I H > Colonization & Settlement > Flashcards

Colonization & Settlement Flashcards

1
Q

Why did people seek out America?

A
  • Political liberty, religious freedom, and economic opportunity
  • Blood, glory, God (OG Colonists in Jamestown went for metals & gold)
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2
Q

How does perspective change the story of colonization

A

Factor in groups such as indigenous peoples as they were undeniably wronged but eh colonists (displaced 90% killed or sold into labor)

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3
Q

Did the end results of colonization justify the methods used?

A

It did not because it did irreplaceable harm and fortified oppressive systems that still exist to this day, perpetuating the erasure of Native Americans from daily spaces and constantly overlooking the damages done onto their communities

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4
Q

Roger Williams born in

A

London, England

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5
Q

Roger Williams colonial role

A

Rhode Island’s colony founder & pioneer of religious liberty
- Refused to associate with Anglican Puritans

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6
Q

Banished from Massachusetts Bay by civil authorities for his dangerous views

A

Roger Williams
- he founded the town of Providence as a safe haven from beliefs that were denied public expression

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7
Q

John Winthrop born in

A

Suffolk, England
- belonged to the gentry

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8
Q

John Winthrop colonial role

A

First governor of Boston’s Massachusetts Bay Colony
- he joined the company when the Massachusetts Bay Colony obtained a royal charter

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9
Q

John Winthrop religious beliefs

A
  • He was a prominent Puritan who had religious & elitist outlooks.
  • He arrived with the MBC royal charter hoping the new world would allow them to pursue Puritan beliefs without persecution
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10
Q

Nathaniel Bacon born in

A

Suffolk England

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11
Q

Nathaniel Bacon colonial role

A

Virginia’s planter and leader of Bacon’s rebellion

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12
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A
  • the first popular revolt in England’s
  • Bacon endorsed a policy of removing all Indians for territorial expansions
  • Berkely believed otherwise and in an act of defiance Bacon organized an exhibition against the Indians
  • Berkeley’s denounced Bacon’s activities as rebellious, but Bacon seized control of the government for some time
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13
Q

Implications of Bacon’s Rebellion

A
  • One consequence of the failed rebellion was the intensification of African slavery and the social separation of blacks and whites in Virginia
  • Bacon’s Rebellion was the last major uprising of enslaved blacks and white indentured servants in Colonial Virginia.
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14
Q

William Penn born in

A

London, England

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15
Q

William Penn colonial role

A

founder of American Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
- refuge for Quakers & other religious minorities
- joined the Quakers, a sect of religious radicals who were reviled by society
- imprisoned for publicly stating beliefs
- democratic principles that he set forth served as inspiration for the US constituion

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16
Q

Christopher Columbus born in

A

Spain
- “discoverer” of the new world, paved there way for exploration, exploitation, and colonization

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17
Q

King James religious impact

A
  • one of his acts in power were to cement the Church of England as the official religion
  • translated the Bible into English (King James Bible) and it is widely used today
  • policies isolated religious communities
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18
Q

Mercantilism

A
  • belief in the benefits of profitable trading
  • a nationalist policy designed to maximize exports and minimize inputs in advocacy for one-sided trade
  • aimed to increase the power of the monarchy and increase exports
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19
Q

First Great Awakening

A
  • a religious revival movement of “Evangelism” or new brith was considered the ultimate religious experience
  • followers would accept themselves as sinners and ask for salvation
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20
Q

Old Lights

A

established churches: Congregationalist and Anglicans

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21
Q

New Lights vs Old Lights

A

the G.A challenged authority and hierarchy of the Old Lights, believing that anyone can convert and be born again

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22
Q

New Lights

A

new churches/religions: Presbyterianism, Methodism, and Baptism

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23
Q

Slave codes

A

restricted slaves as a response to Bacon’s Rebellion

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24
Q

House of Burgesse

A

the elected representatives of the Virginia General Assembly
- granted supplies and originated laws
- the first legislative and democratic government in America

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25
Q

Salutary neglect

A

the unofficial British policy where Parliament rules and laws were loosely/not enforced on American colonies and trade
- expanded freedom when it came to trade and self government
- colonies were given “relative autonomy” because of England’s inability to enforce laws
- happened because of the cost and risk

26
Q

Puritans

A
  • Separatists
  • like Pilgrims, Puritans were English Protestants who believed the reform sos the Church did not go far enough
  • committee to purifying the Church by eliminating aspects of Catholicism from religious practicesP
27
Q

Colony of Plymouth

A
  • founded by Puritans to practice their own brand of Protestantism without intolerance
28
Q

Pilgrim

A

a person who goes on a long journey with religious our moral purposes to a foreign land
- they came to America in search of religious freedom because England required the practicing to the Church of England

29
Q

Mayflower Compact

A
  • a document signed on the English ship Mayflower
  • the first framework of government written and enacted in the territory that is now the USA
  • agreement that round the signers to obey the government and legal system established in Plymouth colony
  • remained in effect until Plymouth colony became part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
30
Q

New England colonies

A
  • Massachussets
  • Connecticut
  • New Hampshire
  • Rhode Island
31
Q

New England colonies economy

A

.. is largely dependent on the oceans and rivers:
- fishing (codfish)
- triangular trade, buying and selling slaves for molasses

32
Q

Middle colonies

A
  • New York
  • Pennsylvania
  • New Jersey
  • Delaware
33
Q

Middle colonies economy

A
  • successful and diverse economy
  • largely agricultural, numerous crops
  • breadbasket: large amounts of wheat, etc
  • Philadelphia and NYC were major shipping hubs
34
Q

Southern colonies

A
  • Maryland
  • Virginia
  • North & South Carolina
  • Georgia
35
Q

South Carolina relevance

A

Charlestown is located in South Carolina, which is the center of American slave trades in the 1700s

36
Q

Southern colonies economy

A
  • largely based on agriculture
  • cash crops: rice, indigo, tobacco, sugarcane, and cotton
  • crops grown on large plantations
  • slaves and indentured servants worked the land
37
Q

All colonies similarities:

A
  • Puritan settlers came seeking religious freedom and economic opportunity
  • nearly all colonies held Royal charters with the Parliament or British monarch
38
Q

New England colonies climate

A
  • bitter cold winters and mild summers
39
Q

New England colonies geography

A
  • flat land, close to coastline, hilly and mountainous farther inland
  • soil generally rocky, making farming difficult
40
Q

Middle colonies climate

A

warm summers and cold winters

41
Q

Middle colonies geography

A
  • ideal for agriculture
  • coastal plains along coastline
42
Q

Southern colonies climate

A
  • hot summer and mild winters
43
Q

Southern colonies geography

A
  • the Westernmost regions were mountainous
  • longest growing season
44
Q

Establishment of colonies (TL)

A
  1. First colonies located on Eastern Coast – JAMESTOWN, 1607 (currently VA) named after the England King
  2. Second settlers, Pilgrims – 13 years after Jamestown, arrived on the Mayflower and settled in PLYMOUTH (currently, MA)
  3. Dutch settlers, settled along the Hudson River and called it New Amsterdam (even old New York, was once New Amsterdam)
45
Q

Establishment of colonies based on countries (TL)

A
  1. New Spain: South America, Mexico, Florida, Southwest US
  2. New France: Canada, Caribbean, Lousiana
  3. English Colonies: East Coast
  4. New Netherlands: Parts of Jersey, Delaware, and New York
46
Q

Jamestown winter of 1609-1610

A
  • “Starving time”
  • Faced disease, violence, drought, meager harvests, harsh winters, and poor drinking water
  • Angry and fearful natives resisted the efforts of Europeans and sometimes attacked
47
Q

Positive effects of Columbian Exchange

A
  • Natives introduced to crops, Europeans introduced things to NA.
  • Blending of the Old World and New Worlds plants, animals, and diseases
48
Q

Negative effects of Columbian Exchange

A
  • Europeans brought bacteria and viruses
  • killed 90% of native population due to lack of immunity
49
Q

The Lost Colony

A
  • the first attempt to form a colony
  • North Carolina’s outer banks
  • ill planned, ill fated
  • supply ships were delayed and once they arrived, the colonists had DISAPPEARED
50
Q

Near failure of Jamestown, factors

A
  • faced attacks by the Algonquian Indians
  • rampant disease
  • especially choice of habitat
  • 51 of the party was dead, then escalated to 60/500 surviving
51
Q

What helped Jamestown encourage survival

A
  • TOBACCO CASH CROP
  • influx of New England settlers
  • two supply ships and the forced work program
  • emphasis on self-sustaining agriculture
52
Q

Puritan beliefs

A
  • God chose a few people “the elect” for salvation but no one knew who was really condemned
  • constant state of anxiety
  • grace was a gift from God and humans were depraved and underserving
53
Q

Quaker beliefs

A
  • seek to experience God directly
  • when we die we enter a realm of pure love/the presence of Jesus
  • find the life and teachings of Jesus inspirational but have no creed
54
Q

Colonies formed in search of religious tolernace

A
  • Massachusetts
  • Connecticut
  • Rhode ISalnd
    -Pennslyvania
  • Maryland
    (mostly middle colonies)
55
Q

William Penn’s holy experiment

A
  • decided to make a Quaker colony of Pennsylvania
  • a haven for all religious and national backgrounds
  • Holy experiment to get people to live together in peace
  • religious freedom, trial by jury, and popular consent expanded due to the experiment
56
Q

New England colonies government

A
  • colonies governed by elect magistrates
  • the settlements were essentially self governing
  • the colonists determined the political structures
57
Q

Middle colonies government

A
  • governor appointed by the King to rule the colonies directly
  • generally run by Royal or Proprietary governors and elected colonial assemblies
58
Q

Southern colonies government

A
  • began with proprietary government (except Maryland)
  • later changed to royal colony
  • colonies created the House of Burgesses, a legislative body that allowed representation to a ll adult males who old land
59
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

the hazardous fashion of the trials contributed to the emergence of:
- right to legal representatives
- cross examination of accusers
- presumption that one is innocent until proven guilty

60
Q

Zenger Case

A
  • before Zenger, truth was not a defense for libel
  • Andrew Hamilton’s compelling defense had a jury acquit Zenger, so now US laws claims truthful information cannot be libelous

US History I H (10 decks)

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