Amniotes

Question 1

Which age is the “age of reptiles”

Answer 1

mesozoic

Question 2

reptilian scales are _______ derived

Answer 2

epidermally

Question 3

ectothermic

Answer 3

regulate body temperature via solar energy

Question 4

reptiles regulate their body temperature _________

Answer 4

ectothermally

Question 5

amphibians regulate their body temperature __________

Answer 5

endothermally

Question 6

first fully terrestrial vertebrates

Answer 6

reptiles

Question 7

What forms the carapace and plastron in turtles?

Answer 7

ribs, vertebrae, and epidermal plates modified to form carapace and plastron

Question 8

where are the pectoral and pelvic girdles located in turtles

Answer 8

located inside ribs

Question 9

T/F turtles have teeth

Answer 9

False, jaw bones covered in keratinized beak

Question 10

what are synapsids?

Answer 10

proto-mammals, mammal-like reptiles with only infratemporal fenestra

Question 11

Reptiles have ___ temporal fenestrae

Answer 11

2, infratemporal and supra temporal

Question 12

what are lepidosaurians?

Answer 12

Lizards, snakes, amphisbaenia

Question 13

Lepidosaurians have overlapping _________ derived scales

Answer 13

epidermally

Question 14

T/F: Lepidosaurians have secondarily lost one or more temporal fenestrae

Answer 14

True

Question 15

what are archosaurians?

Answer 15

crocodiles, dinosaurs, pterosaurs, ancestor of birds

Question 16

what are scutes?

Answer 16

epidermally derived plates

Question 17

what is a crop?

Answer 17

enlarged part of esophagus to store food

Question 18

archosaurians have ________ and _________ fenestrae

Answer 18

antorbital and mandibular (openings in front of eyes and in lower jaw)

Question 19

T/F: pterosaurs are dinosaurs

Answer 19

false

Question 20

how were pterosaur wings formed?

Answer 20

by skin membranes attached to an elongated 4th digit

Question 21

what is saurischian

Answer 21

lizard-hipped - pubis directed anteriorly and ischium directed posteriorly

Question 22

what is ornithischian

Answer 22

bird-hipped - pubis and ischium parallel and directed posteriorly

Question 23

T/F: avians are endothermic ornithischian dinosaurs with feathers

Answer 23

false, they are endothermic saurischian dinosaurs

Question 24

what are some features of archaeopteryx?

Answer 24

long tail, thecodont tooth attachment, not well-developed synsacrum, trunk vertebrae not rigidly fused, feathers

Question 25

what is a synsacrum?

Answer 25

a fusion of vertebrae in the pelvic region

Question 26

what are neornithes?

Answer 26

modern birds

Question 27

what are the synapomorphies of neornithes?

Answer 27

reptilian scales on legs and feet, keratinized beak, 4-chambered heart, modified diapsid skull, large cerebellum, pneumatic bones, reduced number of bones in the wrist, palm, and digits

Question 28

what are pneumatic bones?

Answer 28

slender long bones containing air sacs from the lungs

Question 29

How was the bird wing formed?

Answer 29

fusion of carpals with metacarpals forming the metacarpus, and fusion of digits - feathered

Question 30

what are the mammal synapomorphies?

Answer 30

synapsid skull, hair, and mammary glands, 3 ossicle bones in the middle ear cavity, muscular diaphragm, sweat glands, heterodont dentition with 2 sets of teeth (milk and permanent), extensive development of cerebral cortex

Question 31

Mammals are ________ amniotes

Answer 31

endothermic

Question 32

What are monotremes?

Answer 32

first mammal

Question 33

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

Answer 33

allows the 2 sides of the brain to communicate

Question 34

What are some features of monotremes?

Answer 34

lay heavily yolked eggs, malleus and incus larger than other mammals, no corpus callosum, endothermic, cloaca

Question 35

what is a cloaca?

Answer 35

common cavity for the reproductive system

Question 36

what are metatherians?

Answer 36

marsupials

Question 37

what is the marsupium?

Answer 37

maternal abdominal pouch that incubates and nurses young

Question 38

what are some features of marsupials?

Answer 38

no cloaca, double vagina, bifurcated penis, choriovitelline placenta

Question 39

what is a choriovitelline placenta?

Answer 39

an embryonic yolk sac in contact with the chorion

Question 40

what are eutherians?

Answer 40

placentals, a.k.a true mammals

Question 41

what is a chorioallantoic placenta?

Answer 41

chorion in contact with allantois

Question 42

T/F: eutherian young are carried in uterus until fully developed

Answer 42

True