Skeletal System II Flashcards
The sphenoid body (chondrocranium), greater wing (splanchnocranium), and pterygoid plates (dermatocranium) are all fused into ________ bone in humans
sphenoid bone
What is the primary palate in fishes and amphibians?
roof of oral cavity in fishes and amphibians formed by ventral skull bones
what is the secondary palate in reptiles and mammals?
extensions of premaxilla, maxilla, palatine, and pterygoids grow midline
what is the function of the secondary palate in reptiles and mammals?
separates mouth from nasal passages
what is the palatal fissure in reptiles?
incomplete secondary palate that forms deep grooves that channels air between choanae and pharynx
What forms the nasal chamber in crocodiles and mammals?
complete secondary palate that allows for breathing when feeding
In humans, ____________ passes nasopalatine nerves and sphenopalatine artery
incisor foramen
In many species, the ___________ allow for passage of ducts to the vomeronasal organ
incisive foramina
What are conchae (turbinates)?
scroll-shaped bony elements that increase the surface area of these cavities (rapid warming and humidification of air)
What is the mandibular series?
encases meckels cartilage, includes dentary, angular, surangular, and prearticular
Only the _________ forms the lower jaw in mammals
dentary
What is meckels groove (fossa)?
medial opening on mandible exposing meckelian cartilage (only as embryos in placental mammals)
What separates the supratemporal fenestra from infratemporal fenestra?
the temporal bar (formed by postorbital and squamosal bones)
euryapsids have _________ fenestra only
supratemporal
What is homodont dentition?
teeth have similar morphology along jaw margin
what is heterodont dentition?
teeth differ in morphology along jaw margin (many sharks and mammals)
what is thecodont tooth attachment?
set in sockets (crocodiles, extinct birds, mammals)
what is acrodont tooth attachment?
attached loosely to the top of jaw without sockets (sharks, bony fishes, snakes)
what is pleurodont tooth attachment?
attached to inner surface of jaw (anurans, urodeles, lizards)
T/F: acrodont teeth may be found on multiple bones in bony fishes (e.g., jaws, vomer, palatine, pterygoids, pharyngeal arches etc.)
True
During feeding, moray eels _________ jaws, grasp prey and transport it into pharynx
pharyngeal jaws
anurans have ________ teeth with _______ tooth attachment
pedicellate, pleurodont
reptiles, birds, and mammals have ____ tooth attachment
thecodont
