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Clinical Microscopy > AMNIOTIC FLUID > Flashcards

AMNIOTIC FLUID Flashcards

1
Q

purpose of amniotic fluid examination: (2)

A
  • extent of fetal distress and maturity

- ability of the fetus to survive and early delivery

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2
Q

membranous sac

that surrounds the fetus

A

amnion

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3
Q

functions of amniotic fluid (5)

A
  • cushion
  • fetal movement
  • heat absorber
  • lung development
  • exchange of nutrient
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4
Q

amniotic fluid volume

1st trimester:
3rd trimester:

A
  • 35mL

- 1L

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5
Q

absorption of amniotic fluid water

and solutes into the fetal vascular system

A

intramembranous flow

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6
Q

Excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid

from failure of fetus to swallow

A

polyhydramnios

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7
Q

Decreased amniotic fluid from increased

fetal swallowing

A

oligohydramnios

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8
Q

fetal age can be estimated by measuring _____

give also the values

A

creatinine

<36 weeks 1.5-2.0 mg/dL
>36 weeks >2.0 mg/dL

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9
Q

how to differentiate maternal urine vs amniotic fluid

A

creatinine, urea, glucose, and protein

amniotic fluid:
<3.5 mg/dL
<30 mg/dL
rgt strip + for protein and glucose

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10
Q

specimen collection volume and special consideration

a. 30
b. 40
c. 50
d. 60

A
  • volume: 30 mL
  • discard first 2-3mL because of maternal blood
  • protect the spx from light
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11
Q

this test requires ice and cooled/frozen for up to 72 hrs if needed

A

fetal lung maturity test

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12
Q

these tests require aseptic collection and 37C temp

A

cytogenetic

microbiology

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13
Q

these tests needs centrifuge or filter fluid to remove debris

A

chemical tests

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14
Q

normal color of amniotic fluid

A

colorless with slight to moderate turbidity from cells

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15
Q

blood-streaked amniotic fluid

A

traumatic tap

intra-amniotic hemorrhage

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16
Q

test to differentiate maternal vs fetal blood

A

Kleihauer-Betke test

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17
Q

bright yellow amniotic fluid

A

increased bilirubin

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18
Q

dark green amniotic fluid

A

meconium

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19
Q

dark red brown amniotic fluid

A

fetal death

20
Q

this fetal disease is commonly found on Rh (-) pregnant mothers

A

hemolytic disease of the newborn

21
Q

when can HDN happen?

A

second pregnancy

22
Q

which analyte is measured in case of HDN

A

bilirubin

23
Q

liley graph zone I

A

mildly affected fetus

24
Q

liley graph zone II

A

requires careful monitoring

25
Q

liley graph zone III

A

severely affected fetus, may require induction of labor

26
Q

marker for neural tube defects

A

alpha fetoprotein

27
Q

increased levels of AFP may indicate:

A

anencephaly or spina bifida

28
Q

more specific marker for neural tube defects

A

acetylcholinesterase

29
Q

common complication of early delivery

A

respiratory distress syndrome

30
Q

reference method for FLM

A

lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio

31
Q

primary component of the lung surfactant; increased production after 35th week

A

lecithin

32
Q

produced at a constant rate after the 26th week to control its counterpart

A

sphingomyelin

33
Q

L/S ratio required to consider a safe preterm delivery

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

A

> 2.0

34
Q

how is L/S ratio performed?

A

thin-layer chromatography

35
Q

is an agglutination test using
antibody specific for phosphatidyl glycerol that can
replace the L/S ratio

A

amniostat-FLM

36
Q

advantage of amniostat-FLM (2)

A
  • no special equipment needed

- blood and meconium do not interfere with the test

37
Q

this test can be performed at the bedside, amniotic fluid is mixed with 95% ethanol

A

foam stability

38
Q

a value of >___ indicates FLM

a. 45
b. 46
c. 47
d. 48

A

47

39
Q

Measures the polarization of a fluorescent dye that

binds to surfactant and albumin

A

microviscosity: fluorescence polarization

40
Q

storage form of lung

surfactants

A

lamellar bodies

41
Q

which cells secrete lamellar bodies?

A

type II pneumocytes

42
Q

T or F. lamellar bodies resemble small platelets thus can be counted using platelet analyzers

A

true

43
Q

T or F. presence of lamellar bodies decreases the OD of the fluid

A

false

44
Q

lamellar body count that indicates FLM

a. >30, 400
b. >25, 400
c. >40, 400
d. >35, 400

A

> 35, 400

45
Q

mg of surfactant required per g of albumin in microviscosity for FLM

a. 50
b. 55
c. 60
d. 65

A

55

Clinical Microscopy (21 decks)

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