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Clinical Microscopy > MUST KNOW URINALYSIS > Flashcards

MUST KNOW URINALYSIS Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

pigment that gives yellow color to the urine

A

urochrome

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2
Q

pink pigment in refrigerated specimens

A

uroerythrin

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3
Q

oxidation product of urobilinogen

A

urobilin

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4
Q

urine color significance:

colorless

A

recent fluid consumption

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5
Q

urine color significance:

pale yellow

A

diluted urine, DI/DM

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6
Q

urine color significance:

dark yellow

A

concentrated, dehydration, bilirubin

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7
Q

urine color significance:

orange yellow

A

phenazopyridine

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8
Q

urine color significance:

yellow green

A

biliverdin

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9
Q

urine color significance:

green

A

Pseudomonas infection

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10
Q

urine color significance:

blue-green

A

indican

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11
Q

urine color significance:

pink

A

RBCs (cloudy)

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12
Q

urine color significance:

red

A

hemoglobin, myoglobin (clear)

beets, rifampin

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13
Q

urine color significance:

port wine

A

porphyrin

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14
Q

urine color significance:

red brown

A

methemoglobin, myoglobin

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15
Q

urine color significance:

brown

A

homogentisic acid

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16
Q

urine color significance:

black

A

melanin/melanogen

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17
Q

urine odor significance:

aromatic

A

normal urine

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18
Q

urine odor significance:

ammoniacal

A

UTI

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19
Q

urine odor significance:

fruity, sweet

A

ketonuria, dehydration, DM

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20
Q

urine odor significance:

maple syrup

A

maple syrup urine disease

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21
Q

urine odor significance:

mousy

A

phenylketonuria

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22
Q

urine odor significance:

rancid

A

tyrosinemia

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23
Q

urine odor significance:

sweaty feet

A

isovaleric anemia

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24
Q

urine odor significance:

cabbage

A

methionine malabsorption

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25
urine strip 30 secs:
bilirubin, glucose
26
urine strip 40 secs:
ketones
27
urine strip 45 secs:
specific gravity
28
urine strip 60 secs:
``` pH blood protein nitrite urobilinogen ```
29
urine strip 120 secs:
leukocyte esterase
30
bilirubin principle
diazo reaction
31
other bilirubin test
icto test (purple)
32
bilirubin significance
hepatitis, jaundice
33
glucose principle
double sequential enzyme reaction | glucose oxidase + peroxidase
34
other glucose test
benedict's test (blue, green, orange, red)
35
glucose significance
DM, GD
36
ketone principle
sodium nitroprusside
37
other ketone test
acetest (purple)
38
ketone principle
DKA, dehydration
39
specific gravity principle
change in pKa of polyelectrolyte in an alkaline medium
40
other specific gravity test
urinometer, refractometer
41
pH principle
``` double indicator (methyl red and bromothymol blue) ```
42
protein principle
protein error of indicator
43
other protein test
sulfosalicylic acid test
44
protein significance
prerenal, renal, postrenal proteinuria
45
blood principle
pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin
46
test to differentiate blood and myoglobin
blondheim's test (ammonium sulfate) hgb - ppt mgb - supernatant
47
blood significance
intravascular hemolysis, glomerular damage, bleeding, stones
48
nitrite principle
Greiss reaction (diazo)
49
nitrite significance
UTI
50
urobilinogen principle
ehrlich's reaction
51
test to differentiate urobilinogen and other ehrlich-reactive substance
watson-schwartz test urobilinogen: soluble on chloroform and butanol
52
urobilinogen significance
liver disease, hemolytic disorders
53
leukocyte esterase principle
action of leukocyte esterase
54
substances that are positive on leukocyte esterase (3)
granulocytes trichomonas histiocytes
55
leukocyte esterase significance
UTI
56
RBC shape: | hypersthenuric urine
crenated
57
RBC shape: | hyposthenuric urine
ghost cells
58
RBC shape: | glomerular bleeding
dysmorphic
59
RBC normal value in urine
0-2/hpf
60
WBC normal value
0-5/hpf
61
pyuria value
>8/hpf
62
most significant epithelial cell in the urine
renal tubular epithelial cell
63
RTE cell type seen in nephrotic syndrome
oval fat bodies
64
parasite in urine
Trichomonas vaginalis | Schistosoma haematobium
65
where are casts formed?
between DCT and CD
66
casts are made up of what type of protein?
tamm-horsfall protein/uromodulin
67
what cells produce uromodulin?
RTE cells
68
beginning of all casts
hyaline cast
69
pyelonephritis vs cystitis vs inflammation
pyelonephritis: w/ WBC cast w/ WBC and Bx cystitis: w/o WBC cast w/ WBC and Bx inflammation w/ WBC cast w/ WBC w/o Bx
70
aka 'renal failure cast'
broad cast
71
3 factors that affect crystal formation in urine
pH temperature solute concentration
72
acidic urine crystals (5)
- amorphous urates - uric acid - sodium urates - calcium oxalate dihydrate - calcium oxalate monohydrate
73
alkaline urine crystals (5)
- ammonium phosphates - triple phosphate - calcium phosphate - calcium carbonate - ammonium biurate
74
abnormal urine crystals (6)
``` cystine cholesterol radiographic dyes tyrosine leucine bilirubin ```
75
liver disease crystals (3)
tyrosine bilirubin leucine
76
abnormal crystals due to medication (2)
- sulfonamide | - ampicillin

Clinical Microscopy (21 decks)

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