Analgesics Flashcards by Melany Debora

Define pain

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual potential tissue damage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Terminal ends of sensory fiber endings which is what makes you feel the pain

Nociceptors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5 types of pain

Physiologic
Pathologic
Visceral
Somatic
Neuropathic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Type of pain that makes animal to avoid damaging stimuli

Physiologic pain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Type of pain that results from tissue or nerve damage

Pathological

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Type of pain that comes from hollow organs, peritoneum, heart, liver and lungs

Visceral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pain that comes from the muscoskeletal sytem

Somatic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pain that comes from injury to the peripheral or CNS and is described as a burning or shooting pain

Neuropathic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Three other types of pains:

Harmful, beneficial, and motivational

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the five freedoms every animal should have:

Pain
Hunger and malnutrition
Discomfort
Disease and injury
Able to express normal behavior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Clinical signs of pain

Increased HR and RR, mydriasis, salivation, vocalization, guarding, restlessness, unresponsiveness, abnormal gait, stance, rolling on the floor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are analgesics?

Drugs used to control pain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is inflammation?

Basic process of the body in response to tissue injury caused by physical, chemical, and biologic trauma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the objective of inflammation?

Counteract injury, and repair or replace damaged tissue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Signs of inflammation

Redness, heat, swelling, pain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Definition of fever

Increase in body temperature to above normal and is an indicator of disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Substance that initiates fever

Pyrogen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Exogenous pyrogen

When a foreign substance attacks the body such as bacteria and viruses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Endogenous pyrogen

When chemical mediators in the body initiate fever

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Role of the hypothalamus in fever

Activates the process to generate or conserve body heat

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The 4 pain processes

Transduction, transmission, modulation, perception

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stimuli either chemical, thermal, or mechanical are transformed into electrical signals

Transduction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Conduction of impulses from the peripheral pain receptors to the spinal cord

Transmission

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A surpression or amplication of pain impulses by neurons in the spinal cord

Modulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Processing and recognition of pain in the brain

Perception

Fiber system that is unmyelinated and responsible for dull, poorly localized pain

Type C

Fiber system with delta fibers responsible for sharp localized pain

Type A

When neurons become sensitized from being stimulated repeatedly and they discharge at a much lower threshold

"Wind up"

What enzyme do NSAIDs inhibit?

Cyclooxygenase

T/F glucocorticoids are more effective vs NSAIDS

True

Why are NSAIDs preferred over GC?

Have fewer side effects, promote analgesia and reduce fever

What are the two most important side effects of NSAIDs?

Cause GI ulcers and bleeding

What tests should be run on all pets before the start of NSAIDs are used?

A physical exam and lab tests

What two panels should be run on animals on long term NSAID treatment?

Liver and kidney function tests

With what drug should NSAIDs never be combined or combined with extreme caution?

Corticosteriods

Name a Salicylate

Aspirin

Actions of salicylates

Analgesia, antipyrexia, anti inflammatory, and reduce platelet aggregation

Uses for salicylates

Arthritis, Heartworm, and feline cardiomyopathy

Why are cats susceptible to aspirin overdose?

Because of their inability to metabolize it rapidly

Pyrazolone derivative

Phenylbutazone

Drug used to relieve inflammatory conditions of the muscoskeletal system, analgesia for mild to moderate pain, and antipyrexia

Phenylbutazone

Drug that acts as a carrier of other agents through the skin, causes vasodilation, and reduces acute swelling

DMSO

Drug that causes a garlic taste, skin irritation, and burning sensation

DMSO

Important tech note for DMSO

Wear gloves!

Analgesic with limited antipyretic and anti inflammatory activity that is discouraged because of its potential toxicity

Acetaminophen

What species should acetaminophen never be given to?

Cats

Drug used for the relief of pain associated with degenerative joint disease or post op pain from orthopedic repair

Carprofen

Brand name for Carprofen

Rimadyl

Drug used for the management of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs

Etodolac

Analgesic NSAID used to control pain and inflammation associated with orthopedic surgery

Deracoxib

Brand name for Deracoxib

Deramaxx

Rapidly disintegrating tablet that cannot be spit out and is used to improve owner and animal compliance

Tepoxalin

NSAID used for anti inflammatory, analagesia, and is an antipyretic and is used to control pain from surgical procedures, arthritis.

Meloxicam

Brand name for Meloxicam

Metacam

Drug used for the relief of pain and inflammation in dogs and cats associated with chronic osteoarthritis.

Robenacoxib

Brand name for Robenacoxib

Onsior

Drug made from bovine cartilage and reduces degenerative changed induced by noninfections or traumatic joint disease and promotes activity in the synovial membrane

Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan

Brand name for Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan

Adequan

How do opiod agonists work?

Produce opiod effects and respiratory depression, sedation, and addiction

Drugs used to control moderate to severe pain in animals

Opiod Agonists

Name the opiod agonists

Codeine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, and oxymorphone

Opiod agonist-antagonist used for the relief of mild to moderate pain and causes sedation, ataxia and salivation

Butorphanol

Opiod partial agonist used for the mild to moderate pain relief in cats and dogs, and must be given to cats through the mouth or buccal

Buprenorphine

2 Aphla 2 adrenergic agents that are used for short, non-invasive procedures, are used as a preanesthetic agent, and a post op sedative and as an epidural

Xylazine and Dexmedetomidine (dexdomitor)

Dissociative that prevents wind up and allows lower doses of opiods to be used

Ketamine

Used as an alternative analgesic, for chronic pain in dogs, and inhibits the re uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

Tramadol

Local anesthetic that can be in the form of a trandermal patch, cream or liquid and must wear gloves

Lidocaine

Controls pain related to neuropathic pain, osteo-arthritis, and cancer

Gabapentin

Inhibit effects or spread of inflammation process and prevent histamine from combining with tissue receptors and used to treat pruritis, urticaria, motion sickness and can cause drowsiness and weakness

Anti-histamine

Muscle relaxant used to treat acute inflammatory and traumatic conditions of muscle and spasm

Methocarbamol

Brand name for Methocarbamol

Robaxin

Analgesics Flashcards

(71 cards)