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Pharmacology > Endocrine/Reproductive drugs > Flashcards

Endocrine/Reproductive drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Name the ductless glands that compose the endocrine system

A

pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, ovaries, testicles, pancreas, and kidneys.

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2
Q

The difference between exogenous and endogenous

A

Exogenous are not naturally produced by the body while endogenous is naturally produced by the body.

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3
Q

What is the master gland and what is it controlled by?

A

Pituitary gland and is controlled by the hypothalamus

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4
Q

Nam the two lobes of the pituitary gland

A

Adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis

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5
Q

What do indirect acting hormones do?

A

It is a hormone released by one organ to act on another organ to release another hormone in order to achieve desired effect.

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6
Q

What do direct hormones do?

A

Act directly on organ to secrete a hormone.

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7
Q

Name the two hormones of the posterior pituitaty gland .

A

oxytocin and vasopressin

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8
Q

Name the five tropic hormones released by the anterior lobe.

A 
TSH( thyroid-stimulating hormone), 
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone),
LH (Luteiniizing hormone)
GH (Growth hormone)
ACTH (amino chrono tropic hormone)
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9
Q

What does the FSH do?

A

Promotes ovarian follicle growth and spermatogenesis

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10
Q

What does LH do?

A

Promotes ovulation and testosterone production

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11
Q

What does GH do?

A

Accelerates the body growth and milk production

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12
Q

What does the ACTH do?

A

produces corticosteriods by the adrenal cortex

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13
Q

How does the feedback mechanism work?

A

Senses the plasma level of a particular hormone which controls the activity of the gland that produces it.

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14
Q

How does positive feedback work?

A

If there is low plasma levels of a hormone, the release of the appropriate releasing factor increases which increases the release or production of that hormone

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15
Q

How does negative feedback work?

A

High plasma levels of a hormone are sensed by the hypothalamus which reduces the amount of the appropriate release factor, which in turns lowers the amount of the hormone.

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16
Q

What does the neurohormonal reflex do?

A

Releases oxytocin by the posterior pituitary gland.

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17
Q

How is the neurohormonal reflex initiated?

A

Stimulate the udder of a nursing calf, parturition, milk production, and milking.

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18
Q

Name the four stages of the reproductive system

A

Proestrus, estrus, diestrus, and anestrus

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19
Q

Causes the release of LH and FSH to cause ovulation?

A

Gonadtropins

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20
Q

Hormone given to suppress estrus and treat pseudocyisis (false pregnancies)

A

Progestins

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21
Q

Drug used to cause forceful uterine contractions to aid in delivery of a fetus and to deliver the placenta.

A

Oxytocin

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22
Q

Hormone responsible for milk letdown

A

Oxytocin

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23
Q

Hormones used to induce parturition in the last trimester (should not be given to pregnant animals before delivery is desired!)

A

Corticosteriods

24
Q

Drug used to terminate pregnancy after mismating or to treat pseudopregnancy.

A

Bromocriptine

25
Q

Drug used to treat alopecia and improve early bleeding and ovulation

A

Melatonin

26
Q

Odors released by animals that influence their behavior and other animals behavior

A

Phermones

27
Q

Phermone used to prevent or stop marking by the cat or to comfort them in stressful situation

A

Feliway

28
Q

Phermone used to calm dogs during stressful situations such as fireworks and thunderstorms

A

DAP (Dog appeasing hormone)

29
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

Dorsal neck area on either side of the trachea

30
Q

Which of the thyroid hormones is more active than the other?

A

T3 is more active than T4

31
Q

Name some events that thyroid hormones control

A

Metabolic rate, growth and development, body temperature, heart rate, metabolism of nutrients, skin conditions, and resistance to infection.

32
Q

What is hypothyroidism characterized by?

A

Animal is overweight

33
Q

How long are drugs used to treat hypothyroidism needed?

A

A lifetime

34
Q

Two species of dogs prone to hypothyroidism

A

Golden retrievers and labs

35
Q

What species is hyperthyroidism most often found in?

A

Cats

36
Q

What is hyperthyroidism characterized by?

A

fast metabolism, fast HR, skinny, high BP, restlessness, appetite with weight loss.

37
Q

How do you treat hyperthyroidism?

A

Remove the overproducing thyroid gland or block its hormone production

38
Q

two most common antithyroid drugs

A

Methimazole and carbimazole

39
Q

Treatment given intravenously to destroy overproductive thryoid tissue

A

Radioactive iodine

40
Q

Characteristics of hyperadrenocorticism

A

Potbellied belly, lateral alopecia, thinning hair, depressed

41
Q

What causes cushings?

A

An excess of circulating cortisol which helps the body respond to stress and prepares the body for fight or flight response

42
Q

Two forms of cushings?

A

Adrenal dependant (natural cause) or pituitary dependant

43
Q

Drug used to treat PDH that inhibits or destroys the cortisol producing layer of the adrenal gland

A

Mitotane

44
Q

Monoamine oxidase B inhibitor used to treat cognitive dysfunction and PDH in dogs.

A

Selegiline

45
Q

Adrenal steriod synthesis inhibitor used to treat PDH or cuishings caused by adrenal tumors in dogs.

A

Trilostane

46
Q

When is short acting insulin used?

A

During emergencies when the glucose level is extremely high (ex: 600-700.)

47
Q

Short acting insulin used to treat diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Humulin R

48
Q

Type of insulin that can be given at home and is used to treat uncomplicated diabetes.

A

Intermediate acting

49
Q

Intermediate acting insulins

A

NPH, PZI, Prozinc, and Vetsulin

50
Q

Long acting insulin

A

Lantus

51
Q

Primary sex steriod used to promote weight gain and body growth

A

Estrogen

52
Q

Growth hormone produced by anterior pituitary gland that is released throughout life to promote anabolic activity

A

Somatotropin

53
Q

Produce a tissue building effect to treat anorexia and debilitation and sometimes anemia

A

Anabolic steriods

54
Q

Color of a U-40 insulin syringe?

A

Red

55
Q

Color of a U-100 insulin syringe?

A

Orange

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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