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Pharmacology > Anti-infectives (Antibiotics) > Flashcards

Anti-infectives (Antibiotics) Flashcards

1
Q

Bactericidal

A

Has potential to kill the bacteria

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2
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Reduces the number of bacteria by inhibiting their growth and replication

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3
Q

Five classifications of Antimicrobials

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Antifungals
  • Antivirals
  • Antiprotozoals
  • Antiparasitics
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4
Q

2 important facts about antimicrobial uses

A

Do not use for mild infections, and reserve the use of them for serious diseases

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5
Q

3 things to consider when dealing with anti infectives

A

Antibiotic residue
Can cause allergic reaction in people
Produce resistant bacteria

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6
Q

Important side effect of Aminocyclitols

A

Can accumulate in the ear and kidneys and cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

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7
Q

Where should aminocyclitols be administered?

A

By injection or topically in the ear

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8
Q

How are aminocyclitols eliminated?

A

Through glomerular filtration (watch for kidney disease)

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9
Q

2 Aminocyclitols used to treat serious gram negative infections

A

Amikacin and Gentamicin

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10
Q

Aminocyclitol that is the most nephrotoxic and is used to treat enteric infections, reduce microbe numbers in colon before surgery, and reduce bacteria when treating hepatic encephalopathy.

A

Neomycin

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11
Q

Carbapenam used to treat resistant gram negative bacterial infections when aminoglycosides pose a risk.

A

Meropenem

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12
Q

Cephalosporin used to treat against gram positive bacteria and some gram negative bacteria and is injected before bone surgery.

A

Cefazolin

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13
Q

Cephalosporin used to treat skin infections in dogs and treat wounds and abscesses in cats

A

Cefovecin

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14
Q

Cephalosporin used to treat skin infections

A

Cefpodoxime Proxetil

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15
Q

Cephalosporin used to treat Staphylococcus in dogs, cats, horses, rabbits, ferrets and birds and skin and bladder infections.

A

Cephalexin

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16
Q

Macrolide used to treat Bordetella in dogs

A

Azithromycin

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17
Q

Macrolide used to treat Helicobacter spp. infections in cats and ferrets

A

Clarithromycin

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18
Q

Penicillin used to treat a wide range of infections in many species and used to treat abscesses in cats before running a culture and sensitivity test

A

Amoxicillin

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19
Q

“Z-pack” for dogs

A

Erythromycin

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20
Q

What are macrolides used for?

A

Treat URI, mastitis, metritis, and foot rot

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21
Q

3 important things about penicillin

A

Must be shaken before use, must be refrigerated, and has a short shelf life once prepared (7-14 days)

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22
Q

Drug used to treat skin infections, UTI, wound infections, respiratory infections, and canine periodontal disease

A

Clavamox (Amoxicillin/Clavulanate)

23
Q

Type of drug that should not be given to young animals

A

Tetracyclines

24
Q

Drug that is bacteriostatic but becomes bactericidal at high doses

A

Tetracyclines

25
Q

Tetracycline used to treat tick borne diseases, blood parasites, leptospira, chlamydia, mycoplasma, and bordetella

A

Doxycycline

26
Q

Lincosamide used to treat URI, skin infections, wounds, abscesses, pyodermas, dental disease, and before or after dentals.

A

Clindamycin

27
Q

Quinolones used to treat bacterial skin and soft tissue, respiratory infections.

A

Ciprofloxacin

28
Q

Quinolones used for a variety of pathogens with a highter bioavailability than any other quinolone.

A

Enrofloxacin

29
Q

Generic name for Baytril

A

Enrofloxacin

30
Q

Sulfonamide used to treat acute UTI’s, respiratory tract infections, wounds, foot rot, soft tissue infections, and to treat coccidia

A

Sulfadimethoxine

31
Q

Generic name for Albon

A

Sulfadimethoxine

32
Q

Antibacterial used to treat variety of infections and must wear gloves when handling it.

A

Chloramphenicol

33
Q

Antibacterial used to treat Giardia but should not be given to working K9’s

A

Metronidazole

34
Q

Two types of Antifungals

A

Superficial and systemic

35
Q

Antifungal used to treat systemic mycoses such as blastomycosis and histoplasmosis

A

Fluconazole

36
Q

Antifungal agent used to treat fungal infections

A

Ketoconazole

37
Q

Antiviral used to treat feline herpes and FeLV associated diseases

A

Famciclovir

38
Q

Most common Biguanide compound

A

Chlorhexidine

39
Q

When are antiseptics used?

A

Only on living tissue to destroy microorganisms

40
Q

When are disinfectants used?

A

Destroy microorganisms or inactivate viruses on inanimate objects

41
Q

Example of Chlorines and iodines

A

Clorox and betadine

42
Q

Gas that sterilizes inaminate objects

A

ethylene oxide

43
Q

Solution used to preserve tumors

A

Formaldehyde

44
Q

Solutions not inactivated by organic matter

A

Phenols (lysol)

45
Q

Solution inactivated by organic matter and debris and used for cages and food bowls

A

Quarternary ammonium compunds

46
Q

Drug with residual up to 14 days making it easy for owners with difficulty pilling their pets and is used for skin infections

A

Convenia

47
Q

Type of drugs that cause crystaluria when patient is not hydrated well

A

Sulfonamides

48
Q

What class of drug is Enrofloxacin?

A

Quinolones

49
Q

Type of drug that can only be administered through injection or topically NOT ORALLY

A

Aminoglycosides

50
Q

Drug known as augmentin in humans and used for skin infection, UTI, wounds, respiratory infection and periodontal disease

A

Clavamox

51
Q

Important side effect of doxycycline in cats?

A

Known to cause strictures (Constricts the esophagus) so you should follow it with water

52
Q

Is Albon bactericidal or bacteriostatic when treating coccida?

A

Bacteriostatic

53
Q

What is mycoses and what type of drug is used to treat it?

A

A fungal infection so you an antifungal

54
Q

What use do antivirals have in vet medicine?

A

Has a limited use, only used to treat FeLV or feline herpes

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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